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Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate code, but can they generate fast code for complex, real-world software systems? In this study, we investigate this question using a dataset of 65 tasks mined from performance-critical open-source…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Lirong Yi , Gregory Gay , Philipp Leitner

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has paved the way for a new era of programming tools with both significant capabilities and risks, as the generated code lacks guarantees of correctness and reliability. Developers using LLMs…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Kyla H. Levin , Kyle Gwilt , Emery D. Berger , Stephen N. Freund

Pandas is widely used for data science applications, but users often run into problems when datasets are larger than memory. There are several frameworks based on lazy evaluation that handle large datasets, but the programs have to be…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Bhushan Pal Singh , Priyesh Kumar , Chiranmoy Bhattacharya , S. Sudarshan

Mining repetitive code changes from version control history is a common way of discovering unknown change patterns. Such change patterns can be used in code recommender systems or automated program repair techniques. While there are such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Akalanka Galappaththi , Sarah Nadi

Code generation tasks aim to automate the conversion of user requirements into executable code, significantly reducing manual development efforts and enhancing software productivity. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Sicong Liu , Yanxian Huang , Mingwei Liu , Jiachi Chen , Ensheng Shi , Yuchi Ma , Hongyu Zhang , Yin Zhang , Yanlin Wang

Program synthesis of general-purpose source code from natural language specifications is challenging due to the need to reason about high-level patterns in the target program and low-level implementation details at the same time. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Richard Shin , Miltiadis Allamanis , Marc Brockschmidt , Oleksandr Polozov

Background and context: Debugging is a significant and often frustrating challenge for beginner programmers. Understanding students' debugging behaviours and strategies can help to identify common difficulties and inform approaches for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Laurie Gale , Sue Sentance

Recent advancements in vision-language models have enhanced performance by increasing the length of visual tokens, making them much longer than text tokens and significantly raising computational costs. However, we observe that the visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Senqiao Yang , Yukang Chen , Zhuotao Tian , Chengyao Wang , Jingyao Li , Bei Yu , Jiaya Jia

This paper systematically investigates the generation of code explanations by Large Language Models (LLMs) for code examples commonly encountered in introductory programming courses. Our findings reveal significant variations in the nature…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Priti Oli , Rabin Banjade , Jeevan Chapagain , Vasile Rus

Source code is usually formatted with elements like indentation and newlines to improve readability for human developers. However, these visual aids do not seem to be beneficial for large language models (LLMs) in the same way since the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Dangfeng Pan , Zhensu Sun , Cenyuan Zhang , David Lo , Xiaoning Du

Software projects under version control grow with each commit, accumulating up to hundreds of thousands of commits per repository. Especially for such large projects, the traversal of a repository and data extraction for static source code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Fabian Heseding , Willy Scheibel , Jürgen Döllner

Python's dynamic nature complicates testing and increases the possibility that some defects evade detection, so an effective fault prediction becomes essential. We examine whether post-release faults can be predicted using modern ML and DL.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Giuseppe De Rosa , Pietro Liguori

We present pytest-inline, the first inline testing framework for Python. We recently proposed inline tests to make it easier to test individual program statements. But, there is no framework-level support for developers to write inline…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Yu Liu , Zachary Thurston , Alan Han , Pengyu Nie , Milos Gligoric , Owolabi Legunsen

Existing code generation benchmarks primarily evaluate functional correctness, with limited focus on code efficiency and often restricted to a single language like Python. To address this gap, we introduce EffiBench-X, the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yuhao Qing , Boyu Zhu , Mingzhe Du , Zhijiang Guo , Terry Yue Zhuo , Qianru Zhang , Jie M. Zhang , Heming Cui , Siu-Ming Yiu , Dong Huang , See-Kiong Ng , Luu Anh Tuan

Style is a significant component of natural language text, reflecting a change in the tone of text while keeping the underlying information the same. Even though programming languages have strict syntax rules, they also have style. Code can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Karl Munson , Anish Savla , Chih-Kai Ting , Serenity Wade , Kiran Kate , Kavitha Srinivas

While programming is one of the most broadly applicable skills in modern society, modern machine learning models still cannot code solutions to basic problems. Despite its importance, there has been surprisingly little work on evaluating…

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across various domains, including role-playing, creative writing, mathematical reasoning, and coding. Despite these advancements, LLMs still encounter challenges with length…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zekun Wang , Feiyu Duan , Yibo Zhang , Wangchunshu Zhou , Ke Xu , Wenhao Huang , Jie Fu

Difficult problems, which often result in long reasoning traces, are widely recognized as key factors for enhancing the performance of reasoning models. However, such high-challenge problems are scarce, limiting the size of available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Si Shen , Fei Huang , Zhixiao Zhao , Chang Liu , Tiansheng Zheng , Danhao Zhu

Energy efficiency has emerged as a vital attribute of software quality, with significant implications for both environmental sustainability and operational costs. However, existing profiling tools operate only at runtime and coarse…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Shailender Goyal , Akhila Matathammal , Karthik Vaidhyanathan

Different security issues are a common problem for open source packages archived to and delivered through software ecosystems. These often manifest themselves as software weaknesses that may lead to concrete software vulnerabilities. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Jukka Ruohonen , Kalle Hjerppe , Kalle Rindell