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Understanding whether self-supervised learning methods can scale with unlimited data is crucial for training large-scale models. In this work, we conduct an empirical study on the scaling capability of masked image modeling (MIM) methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Cheng-Ze Lu , Xiaojie Jin , Qibin Hou , Jun Hao Liew , Ming-Ming Cheng , Jiashi Feng

The success of language Transformers is primarily attributed to the pretext task of masked language modeling (MLM), where texts are first tokenized into semantically meaningful pieces. In this work, we study masked image modeling (MIM) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Jinghao Zhou , Chen Wei , Huiyu Wang , Wei Shen , Cihang Xie , Alan Yuille , Tao Kong

Recent masked image modeling (MIM) has received much attention in self-supervised learning (SSL), which requires the target model to recover the masked part of the input image. Although MIM-based pre-training methods achieve new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Qiang Zhou , Chaohui Yu , Hao Luo , Zhibin Wang , Hao Li

In vision-language pre-training (VLP), masked image modeling (MIM) has recently been introduced for fine-grained cross-modal alignment. However, in most existing methods, the reconstruction targets for MIM lack high-level semantics, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Haowei Liu , Yaya Shi , Haiyang Xu , Chunfeng Yuan , Qinghao Ye , Chenliang Li , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Bing Li , Weiming Hu

To make sense of their surroundings, intelligent systems must transform complex sensory inputs to structured codes that are reduced to task-relevant information such as object category. Biological agents achieve this in a largely autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Robin Weiler , Matthias Brucklacher , Cyriel M. A. Pennartz , Sander M. Bohté

Recently, masked image modeling (MIM) has gained considerable attention due to its capacity to learn from vast amounts of unlabeled data and has been demonstrated to be effective on a wide variety of vision tasks involving natural images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Zekai Chen , Devansh Agarwal , Kshitij Aggarwal , Wiem Safta , Samit Hirawat , Venkat Sethuraman , Mariann Micsinai Balan , Kevin Brown

In the realm of self-supervised learning (SSL), masked image modeling (MIM) has gained popularity alongside contrastive learning methods. MIM involves reconstructing masked regions of input images using their unmasked portions. A notable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Tianqi Du , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang

Recently, Masked Image Modeling (MIM) achieves great success in self-supervised visual recognition. However, as a reconstruction-based framework, it is still an open question to understand how MIM works, since MIM appears very different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Xiangwen Kong , Xiangyu Zhang

Recently, masked image modeling (MIM) has become a promising direction for visual pre-training. In the context of vision transformers, MIM learns effective visual representation by aligning the token-level features with a pre-defined space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Longhui Wei , Lingxi Xie , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li , Qi Tian

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) has emerged as a promising approach for Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) of visual representations. However, the out-of-the-box performance of MIMs is typically inferior to competing approaches. Most users cannot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Marcin Przewięźlikowski , Randall Balestriero , Wojciech Jasiński , Marek Śmieja , Bartosz Zieliński

An important goal of self-supervised learning is to enable model pre-training to benefit from almost unlimited data. However, one method that has recently become popular, namely masked image modeling (MIM), is suspected to be unable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Zhenda Xie , Zheng Zhang , Yue Cao , Yutong Lin , Yixuan Wei , Qi Dai , Han Hu

Driven by the success of Masked Language Modeling (MLM), the realm of self-supervised learning for computer vision has been invigorated by the central role of Masked Image Modeling (MIM) in driving recent breakthroughs. Notwithstanding the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Hyesong Choi , Hunsang Lee , Seyoung Joung , Hyejin Park , Jiyeong Kim , Dongbo Min

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) is a new self-supervised vision pre-training paradigm using a Vision Transformer (ViT). Previous works can be pixel-based or token-based, using original pixels or discrete visual tokens from parametric tokenizer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Xin Yan , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang

Deep supervision, which involves extra supervisions to the intermediate features of a neural network, was widely used in image classification in the early deep learning era since it significantly reduces the training difficulty and eases…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Sucheng Ren , Fangyun Wei , Samuel Albanie , Zheng Zhang , Han Hu

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) has garnered significant attention in self-supervised learning, thanks to its impressive capacity to learn scalable visual representations tailored for downstream tasks. However, images inherently contain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Wenzhao Xiang , Chang Liu , Hongyang Yu , Xilin Chen

Object detection in remote sensing imagery plays a vital role in various Earth observation applications. However, unlike object detection in natural scene images, this task is particularly challenging due to the abundance of small, often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Minh-Duc Vu , Zuheng Ming , Fangchen Feng , Bissmella Bahaduri , Anissa Mokraoui

Learning robust and scalable visual representations from massive multi-view video data remains a challenge in computer vision and autonomous driving. Existing pre-training methods either rely on expensive supervised learning with 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Jialv Zou , Bencheng Liao , Qian Zhang , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

The self-supervised Masked Image Modeling (MIM) schema, following "mask-and-reconstruct" pipeline of recovering contents from masked image, has recently captured the increasing interest in the multimedia community, owing to the excellent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Hao Liu , Xinghua Jiang , Xin Li , Antai Guo , Deqiang Jiang , Bo Ren

Quality assessment and aesthetics assessment aim to evaluate the perceived quality and aesthetics of visual content. Current learning-based methods suffer greatly from the scarcity of labeled data and usually perform sub-optimally in terms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Qizhi Xie , Kun Yuan , Yunpeng Qu , Mingda Wu , Ming Sun , Chao Zhou , Jihong Zhu

There has been significant progress in Masked Image Modeling (MIM). Existing MIM methods can be broadly categorized into two groups based on the reconstruction target: pixel-based and tokenizer-based approaches. The former offers a simpler…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Yuan Liu , Songyang Zhang , Jiacheng Chen , Zhaohui Yu , Kai Chen , Dahua Lin