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Understanding road scenes for visual perception remains crucial for intelligent self-driving cars. In particular, it is desirable to detect unexpected small road hazards reliably in real-time, especially under varying adverse conditions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jongoh Jeong , Taek-Jin Song , Jong-Hwan Kim , Kuk-Jin Yoon

Estimating and understanding the surroundings of the vehicle precisely forms the basic and crucial step for the autonomous vehicle. The perception system plays a significant role in providing an accurate interpretation of a vehicle's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Sreenivasa Hikkal Venugopala

Road condition is an important environmental factor for autonomous vehicle control. A dramatic change in the road condition from the nominal status is a source of uncertainty that can lead to a system failure. Once the vehicle encounters an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-30 Hunmin Kim , Wenbin Wan , Naira Hovakimyan , Lui Sha , Petros Voulgaris

Adverse weather conditions can negatively affect LiDAR-based object detectors. In this work, we focus on the phenomenon of vehicle gas exhaust condensation in cold weather conditions. This everyday effect can influence the estimation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Aldi Piroli , Vinzenz Dallabetta , Marc Walessa , Daniel Meissner , Johannes Kopp , Klaus Dietmayer

Just as humans can become disoriented in featureless deserts or thick fogs, not all environments are conducive to the Localization Accuracy and Stability (LAS) of autonomous robots. This paper introduces an efficient framework designed to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Kaixin Chai , Long Xu , Qianhao Wang , Chao Xu , Peng Yin , Fei Gao

We propose a framework for resilient autonomous navigation in perceptually challenging unknown environments with mobility-stressing elements such as uneven surfaces with rocks and boulders, steep slopes, negative obstacles like cliffs and…

Range-measuring sensors play a critical role in autonomous driving systems. While LiDAR technology has been dominant, its vulnerability to adverse weather conditions is well-documented. This paper focuses on secondary adverse conditions and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Michael Loetscher , Nicolas Baumann , Edoardo Ghignone , Andrea Ronco , Michele Magno

Environment perception and representation are some of the most critical tasks in automated driving. To meet the stringent needs of safety standards such as ISO 26262 there is a need for efficient quantitative evaluation of the perceived…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-29 Fredrik Schalling , Sebastian Ljungberg , Naveen Mohan

Current LiDAR-based Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) multi-agent perception systems have shown the significant success on 3D object detection. While these models perform well in the trained clean weather, they struggle in unseen adverse weather…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Baolu Li , Jinlong Li , Xinyu Liu , Runsheng Xu , Zhengzhong Tu , Jiacheng Guo , Xiaopeng Li , Hongkai Yu

For an autonomous vehicle, the ability to sense its surroundings and to build an overall representation of the environment by fusing different sensor data streams is fundamental. To this end, the poses of all sensors need to be accurately…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Brahayam Ponton , Magda Ferri , Lars Koenig , Marcus Bartels

Modern self-driving perception systems have been shown to improve upon processing complementary inputs such as LiDAR with images. In isolation, 2D images have been found to be extremely vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Yet, there have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-10 James Tu , Huichen Li , Xinchen Yan , Mengye Ren , Yun Chen , Ming Liang , Eilyan Bitar , Ersin Yumer , Raquel Urtasun

While much research has recently focused on generating physics-based adversarial samples, a critical yet often overlooked category originates from physical failures within on-board cameras-components essential to the perception systems of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Manav Prabhakar , Jwalandhar Girnar , Arpan Kusari

In this work, we propose a self-improving artificial intelligence system to enhance the safety performance of reinforcement learning (RL)-based autonomous driving (AD) agents using black-box verification methods. RL algorithms have become…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Resul Dagdanov , Halil Durmus , Nazim Kemal Ure

In automated driving, object detection is crucial for perceiving the environment. Although deep learning-based detectors offer high performance, their black-box nature complicates safety assurance. We propose a novel methodology to analyze…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Anton Kuznietsov , Dirk Schweickard , Steven Peters

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) promise efficient, clean and cost-effective transportation systems, but their reliance on sensors, wireless communications, and decision-making systems makes them vulnerable to cyberattacks and physical threats.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Chieh Tsai , Murad Mehrab Abrar , Salim Hariri

This survey offers a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in LiDAR-based autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), covering their design, perception, planning, and control strategies. Over the past decade, LiDAR technology has…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yunfan Ren , Yixi Cai , Haotian Li , Nan Chen , Fangcheng Zhu , Longji Yin , Fanze Kong , Rundong Li , Fu Zhang

Employing data augmentation methods to enhance perception performance in adverse weather has attracted considerable attention recently. Most of the LiDAR augmentation methods post-process the existing dataset by physics-based models or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Donglin Yang , Zhenfeng Liu , Wentao Jiang , Guohang Yan , Xing Gao , Botian Shi , Si Liu , Xinyu Cai

Various adverse weather conditions such as fog and rain pose a significant challenge to autonomous driving (AD) perception tasks like semantic segmentation, object detection, etc. The common domain adaption strategy is to minimize the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Wei-Bin Kou , Guangxu Zhu , Rongguang Ye , Jingreng Lei , Shuai Wang , Qingfeng Lin , Ming Tang , Yik-Chung Wu

Multimodal sensor fusion is an essential capability for autonomous robots, enabling object detection and decision-making in the presence of failing or uncertain inputs. While recent fusion methods excel in normal environmental conditions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Edoardo Palladin , Roland Dietze , Praveen Narayanan , Mario Bijelic , Felix Heide

The current autonomous driving architecture places a heavy burden in signal processing for the graphics processing units (GPUs) in the car. This directly translates into battery drain and lower energy efficiency, crucial factors in electric…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Nalin Jayaweera , Nandana Rajatheva , Matti Latva-aho