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Serving large language models (LLMs) is important for cloud providers, and caching intermediate results (KV\$) after processing each request substantially improves serving throughput and latency. However, there is limited understanding of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Jiahao Wang , Jinbo Han , Xingda Wei , Sijie Shen , Dingyan Zhang , Chenguang Fang , Rong Chen , Wenyuan Yu , Haibo Chen

Serving transformer language models with high throughput requires caching Key-Values (KVs) to avoid redundant computation during autoregressive generation. The memory footprint of KV caching is significant and heavily impacts serving costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Anastasiia Filippova , David Grangier , Marco Cuturi , João Monteiro

Nowadays, data caching is being used as a high-speed data storage layer in mobile edge computing networks employing flow control methodologies at an exponential rate. This study shows how to discover the best architecture for backhaul…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Amir Ziaeddini , Amin Mohajer , Davoud Yousefi , A. Mirzaei , Shu Gonglee

With the advent of 5G networks and the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) are increasingly extending into the network edge. This shift introduces unique challenges, particularly due to the limited cache…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Hoda Torabi , Hamzeh Khazaei , Marin Litoiu

Serving long-context LLMs is challenging because request lengths and batch composition vary during token generation, causing the memory footprint to fluctuate significantly at runtime. Offloading KV caches to host memory limits effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xinyue Ma , Heelim Hong , Taegeon Um , Jongseop Lee , Seoyeong Choy , Woo-Yeon Lee , Myeongjae Jeon

The growing demand for efficient cloud storage solutions has led to the widespread adoption of Solid-State Drives (SSDs) for caching in cloud block storage systems. The management of data writes to SSD caches plays a crucial role in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Chiyu Cheng , Chang Zhou , Yang Zhao , Jin Cao

Putting the DRAM on the same package with a processor enables several times higher memory bandwidth than conventional off-package DRAM. Yet, the latency of in-package DRAM is not appreciably lower than that of off-package DRAM. A promising…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Xiangyao Yu , Christopher J. Hughes , Nadathur Satish , Onur Mutlu , Srinivas Devadas

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in large-scale online services, enabling sophisticated applications. However, the computational overhead of generating key-value (KV) caches in the prefill stage presents a major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Shuowei Jin , Xueshen Liu , Qingzhao Zhang , Z. Morley Mao

In this paper, we aim to minimize the average file transmission delay via bandwidth allocation and cache placement in two-tier heterogeneous networks with limited storage capacity, which consists of cache capacity and buffer capacity. For…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Zhaohui Yang , Cunhua Pan , Yijin Pan , Yongpeng Wu , Wei Xu , Mohammad Shikh-Bahaei , Ming Chen

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and intelligent science, intelligent edge computing has been widely adopted. However, the limitations of traditional methods, such as poor adaptability and the slow convergence of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yongtao Yao , Yao Yang , Haorui Shi , Canglu Zhu , Miaojiang Chen , Ahmed Farouk

Flash-based disk caches, for example Bcache and Flashcache, has gained tremendous popularity in industry in the last decade because of its low energy consumption, non-volatile nature and high I/O speed. But these cache systems have a worse…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Chaos Dong , Fang Wang , Jianshun Zhang

This paper addresses the challenge of edge caching in dynamic environments, where rising traffic loads strain backhaul links and core networks. We propose a Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)-based caching strategy that fully incorporates…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Farnaz Niknia , Ping Wang

Caching is envisioned to play a critical role in next-generation content delivery infrastructure, cellular networks, and Internet architectures. By smartly storing the most popular contents at the storage-enabled network entities during…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Alireza Sadeghi , Gang Wang , Georgios B. Giannakis

Concerns regarding the scalability of the inter-domain routing have encouraged researchers to start elaborating a more robust Internet architecture. While consensus on the exact form of the solution is yet to be found, the need for a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2013-12-09 Florin Coras , Jordi Domingo-Pascual , Darrel Lewis , Albert Cabellos-Aparicio

Due to increasing cache sizes and large leakage consumption of SRAM device, conventional SRAM caches contribute significantly to the processor power consumption. Recently researchers have used non-volatile memory devices to design caches,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-05-01 Sparsh Mittal

Large language model (LLM) applications often reuse previously processed context, such as chat history and documents, which introduces significant redundant computation. Existing LLM serving systems address such redundant computation by…

A new system model reflecting the clustered structure of distributed storage is suggested to investigate interplay between storage overhead and repair bandwidth as storage node failures occur. Large data centers with multiple racks/disks or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-02 Jy-yong Sohn , Beongjun Choi , Sung Whan Yoon , Jaekyun Moon

Caching is crucial for enabling high-throughput networks for data intensive applications. Traditional caching technology relies on DRAM, as it can transfer data at a high rate. However, DRAM capacity is subject to contention by most system…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Faruk Volkan Mutlu , Edmund Yeh

The linear memory growth of the KV cache poses a significant bottleneck for LLM inference in long-context tasks. Existing static compression methods often fail to preserve globally important information. Although recent dynamic retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhiyuan Shi , Qibo Qiu , Feng Xue , Zhonglin Jiang , Li Yu , Jian Jiang , Xiaofei He , Wenxiao Wang

The efficiency of Large Language Model~(LLM) inference is often constrained by substantial memory bandwidth and capacity demands. Existing techniques, such as pruning, quantization, and mixture of experts/depth, reduce memory capacity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Rui Xie , Asad Ul Haq , Linsen Ma , Yunhua Fang , Zirak Burzin Engineer , Liu Liu , Tong Zhang