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The probabilistic information flow and natural computational capability of a system with two magnetic skyrmions at room temperature have been experimentally evaluated. Based on this evaluation, an all-solid-state built-in Maxwell's demon…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Yoshishige Suzuki , Hiroki Mori , Soma Miki , Kota Emoto , Ryo Ishikawa , Eiiti Tamura , Hikaru Nomura , Minori Goto

We generalize stochastic thermodynamics to include information reservoirs. Such information reservoirs, which can be modeled as a sequence of bits, modify the second law. For example, work extraction from a system in contact with a single…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-11-17 Andre C. Barato , Udo Seifert

An information engine based on a two level system in contact with a thermal reservoir is studied analytically. The model incorporates delay time between the measurement of the state of the system and the feedback. The engine efficiency and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-12-27 Kiran V , Toby Joseph

Szil\'ard's information engine is a canonical example in the field of thermodynamics of information. We realize experimentally a macroscopic many-particle Szil\'ard engine that consists of active particles and use it to lift a mass against…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-08-22 Omer Chor , Amir Sohachi , Rémi Goerlich , Eran Rosen , Saar Rahav , Yael Roichman

The optimal efficiency of quantum (or classical) heat engines whose heat baths are $n$-particle systems is given by the information geometry and the strong large deviation. We give the optimal work extraction process as a concrete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-19 Hiroyasu Tajima , Masahito Hayashi

We provide a unified thermodynamic formalism describing information transfers in autonomous as well as nonautonomous systems described by stochastic thermodynamics. We demonstrate how information is continuously generated in an auxiliary…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-08-06 Jordan M. Horowitz , Massimiliano Esposito

We investigate the performance of a Brownian heat engine working in a heterogeneous thermal bath where the mobility fluctuates. Brownian particle is trapped by the time-dependent harmonic potential, by changing the stiffness coefficient and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-05-20 I. Iyyappan , Jetin E. Thomas , Sibasish Ghosh

The emerging field of quantum thermodynamics is beginning to reveal the intriguing role that information can play in quantum thermal engines. Information enters as a resource when considering feedback-controlled thermal machines. While both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Lindsay Bassman Oftelie , Michele Campisi

When do non-equilibrium forms of disordered energy qualify as heat? \textcolor{blue}{We address this question in the context of cyclically operating heat engines in contact with a non-equilibrium energy reservoir that defies the zeroth law…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-11-25 Viktor Holubec , Stefano Steffenoni , Gianmaria Falasco , Klaus Kroy

Biological molecular machines are bifunctional enzymes that catalyze two processes: one donating free energy and the other accepting it. Recent studies show that most protein enzymes have rich stochastic dynamics of transitions between the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-02-02 Michal Kurzynski , Przemyslaw Chelminiak

Thermodynamics of nanoscale devices is an active area of research. Despite their noisy surrounding they often produce mechanical work (e.g. micro-heat engines), display rectified Brownian motion (e.g. molecular motors). This invokes…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-12-05 Arnab Saha , Rahul Marathe , P. S. Pal , A. M. Jayannavar

We show that work can be extracted from a two-level system (spin) coupled to a bosonic thermal bath. This is possible due to different initial temperatures of the spin and the bath, both positive (no spin population inversion) and is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. E. Allahverdyan , R. Serral Gracia , Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

The Carnot cycle imposes a fundamental upper limit to the efficiency of a macroscopic motor operating between two thermal baths. However, this bound needs to be reinterpreted at microscopic scales, where molecular bio-motors and some…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-02-03 Ignacio A. Martínez , Édgar Roldán , Luis Dinis , Dmitri Petrov , Juan M. R. Parrondo , Raúl A. Rica

The averaged steady-state surprisal links a driven stochastic system's information processing to its nonequilibrium thermodynamic response. By explicitly accounting for the effects of nonequilibrium steady states, a decomposition of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-06-07 Mikhael T. Semaan , James P. Crutchfield

We present an axiomatic framework for thermodynamics that incorporates information as a fundamental concept. The axioms describe both ordinary thermodynamic processes and those in which information is acquired, used and erased, as in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-09 Austin Hulse , Benjamin Schumacher , Michael D. Westmoreland

We study the stochastic dynamics of Brownian particles in a heat bath and subject to an active feedback control by an external, Maxwell's demon-like agent. The agent uses the information of the velocity of a particle and reduces its thermal…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kyung Hyuk Kim , Hong Qian

Information can improve heat engine performance, but the underlying principles are still not so clear. Here we introduce a Carnot information machine (CIE) and obtain a quantitative relationship between the engine performance and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-21 Yang Xiao , Qian Zeng , Jin Wang

We describe an experiment on an underdamped mechanical oscillator used as an information engine. The system is equivalent to an inertial Brownian particle confined in a harmonic potential whose center is controlled by a feedback protocol…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-01-23 Aubin Archambault , Caroline Crauste-Thibierge , Sergio Ciliberto , Ludovic Bellon

We introduce an alternative route for obtaining reliable cyclic engines, based on interacting Brownian particles under time-periodic drivings. General expressions for the thermodynamic fluxes, such as power and heat, are obtained using the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-16 Iago N. Mamede , Pedro E. Harunari , Bruno A. N. Akasaki , Karel Proesmans , Carlos E. Fiore

We present a microscopic Hamiltonian framework to develop Maxwell demon like engine. Our model consists of a equilibrium thermal bath and a non-equilibrium bath; latter generated by driving with an external stationary, Gaussian noise. The…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-12-13 Jyotipratim Ray Chaudhuri , Sudip Chattopadhyay , Suman Kumar Banik