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Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) is the mathematical formalism for phrasing and solving a class of optimization problems that are combinatorial in nature. Due to their natural equivalence with the two dimensional Ising…

The D-Wave quantum annealing machine can quickly find the optimal solution for quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO). One of the applications where the use of quantum annealing is desired is in problems requiring rapid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Reo Shikanai , Masayuki Ohzeki , Kazuyuki Tanaka

Quantum annealing algorithms belong to the class of meta-heuristic tools, applicable for solving binary optimization problems. Hardware implementations of quantum annealing, such as the quantum processing units (QPUs) produced by D-Wave…

We propose a brand-new formulation of capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO). The formulated CVRP is equipped with time-table which describes time-evolution of each vehicle.…

This article presents a scalable, data-driven formulation of city-wide Traffic Flow Optimization as a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem and evaluates its performance using quantum annealing and classical solvers on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Renáta Rusnáková , Martin Chovanec , Juraj Gazda

A challenge for scalability of demand-responsive, elastic optical Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) and Flexgrid networks is the computational complexity of allocating many optical routes on large networks. We demonstrate that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Ethan Davies , Darren Banfield , Vlad Carare , Ben Weaver , Catherine White , Nigel Walker

In this paper, we explore the potential for quantum annealing to solve realistic routing problems. We focus on two NP-Hard problems, including the Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows and the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-01 James B. Holliday , Darren Blount , Eneko Osaba , Khoa Luu

As consequences of disruptions in railway traffic affect passenger experience/satisfaction, appropriate rerouting and/or rescheduling is necessary. These problems are known to be NP-hard, given the numerous restrictions of traffic nature.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Krzysztof Domino , Akash Kundu , Özlem Salehi , Krzysztof Krawiec

Traffic congestion is one of the major issues in urban areas, particularly when traffic loads exceed the roads capacity, resulting in higher petrol consumption and carbon emissions as well as delays and stress for road users. In Asia, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-15 Amit Singh , Chun-Yu Lin , Chung-I Huang , Fang-Pang Lin

Quantum computing is developing fast. Real world applications are within reach in the coming years. One of the most promising areas is combinatorial optimisation, where the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimisation (QUBO) problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-06 Frank Phillipson , Irina Chiscop

Quantum annealing (QA) is a heuristic search algorithm that can run on Adiabatic Quantum Computation (AQC) processors to solve combinatorial optimization problems. Although theoretical studies and simulations on classic hardware have shown…

Quantum annealing (QA) is a quantum computing algorithm that works on the principle of Adiabatic Quantum Computation (AQC), and it has shown significant computational advantages in solving combinatorial optimization problems such as vehicle…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-28 Ramkumar Harikrishnakumar , Saideep Nannapaneni , Nam H. Nguyen , James E. Steck , Elizabeth C. Behrman

We propose a new kernel that quantifies success for the task of computing a core-periphery partition for an undirected network. Finding the associated optimal partitioning may be expressed in the form of a quadratic unconstrained binary…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Catherine F. Higham , Desmond J. Higham , Francesco Tudisco

Combinatorial optimization problems are typically formulated using Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO), where constraints are enforced through penalty terms that introduce auxiliary variables and rapidly increase Hamiltonian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Shashank Sanjay Bhat , Peiyong Wang , Joseph West , Udaya Parampalli

We present a novel quantum optimization-based route compression technique that significantly reduces storage requirements compared to conventional methods. Route optimization systems face critical challenges in efficiently storing selected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-07 Shunsuke Sotobayashi , Yuichiro Minato , Takao Tomono

This paper proposes a novel dispatch formulation for micro-mobility vehicles using a Quantum Annealer (QA). In recent years, QA has gained increasing attention as a high-performance solver for combinatorial optimization problems. Meanwhile,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Takeru Goto , Masayuki Ohzeki

This tutorial offers a quick, hands-on introduction to solving Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) models on currently available quantum computers and their simulators. We cover both IBM and D-Wave machines: IBM utilizes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Arul Mazumder , Sridhar Tayur

Quantum annealers can solve QUBO problems efficiently but struggle with continuous optimization tasks like regression due to their discrete nature. We introduce Quadratic Continuous Quantum Optimization (QCQO), an anytime algorithm that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Sascha Mücke , Thore Gerlach , Nico Piatkowski

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is an NP-optimization problem (NPO) that has been of great interest for decades for both, science and industry. The CVRP is a variant of the vehicle routing problem characterized by capacity…

We present the mapping of a class of simplified air traffic management (ATM) problems (strategic conflict resolution) to quadratic unconstrained boolean optimization (QUBO) problems. The mapping is performed through an original…

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