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The second and the third order anisotropic flow, $V_{2}$ and $V_3$, are determined by the corresponding initial spatial anisotropy coefficients, $\varepsilon_{2}$ and $\varepsilon_{3}$, in the initial density distribution. On the contrary,…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-01-03 You Zhou

A fluid, with broken time-reversal symmetry, would exhibit odd transport coefficients, such as odd viscosity, thermal conductivity and diffusion coefficient, which may fundamentally alter the fluid properties and significantly influence the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-07 Yuxing Jiao , Mingcheng Yang

Currents of particles or energy in driven nonequilibrium steady states are known to satisfy certain symmetries, referred to as fluctuation relations, determining the ratio of the probabilities of positive fluctuations to negative ones. A…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-02-27 Rodrigo Villavicencio-Sanchez , Rosemary J. Harris , Hugo Touchette

We report on the measurement of various flow harmonics, $v_n$, with multi-particle cumulants, and present the results from a study of the inter-correlation among different order symmetry planes $\Psi_n$ via multi-particle mixed harmonic…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-06-11 Ante Bilandzic

We present measurements of the elliptic ($\mathrm{v}_2$), triangular ($\mathrm{v}_3$) and quadrangular ($\mathrm{v}_4$) anisotropic azimuthal flow over a wide range of pseudorapidities ($-3.5< \eta < 5$). The measurements are performed with…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2016-11-08 ALICE Collaboration

We suggest the possibility to disentangle anisotropic flow, flow fluctuation, and nonflow using two-, four-, and six-particle azimuthal moments assuming Gaussian fluctuations. We show that such disentanglement is possible when the flow…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2013-02-18 Li Yi , Fuqiang Wang , Aihong Tang

The observation of fluid-like behavior in nucleus-nucleus, proton-nucleus and high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions motivates systematic studies of how different measurements approach their fluid-dynamic limit. We have developed…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-11-11 Aleksi Kurkela , Seyed Farid Taghavi , Urs Achim Wiedemann , Bin Wu

Higher order harmonic flow $v_n$ (with $n\ge4$) in heavy-ion collisions can be measured either with respect to their own plane, or with respect to a plane constructed using lower-order harmonics. By assuming that higher flow harmonics are…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-11-18 Li Yan , Subrata Pal , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

Non-reciprocal interactions fueled by local energy consumption can be found in biological and synthetic active matter at scales where viscoelastic forces are important. Such systems can be described by "odd" viscoelasticity, which assumes…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-10-31 Carlos Floyd , Aaron R. Dinner , Suriyanarayanan Vaikuntanathan

The analysis of anisotropic flow of particles created in high energy heavy-ion collisions gives insight into the early stage of these reactions. Measurements of directed flow (v1), elliptic flow (v2) and flow of 4th and 6th order (v4 and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-14 Markus D. Oldenburg

Collective anisotropic flow, where particles are correlated over the entire event, is a prominent phenomenon in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and is sensitive to the properties of the matter created in those collisions. It is often…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2024-12-19 Yicheng Feng , Fuqiang Wang

Axisymmetric equilibria with incompressible flows of arbitrary direction are studied in the framework of magnetohydrodynamics under a variety of physically relevant side conditions. To this end a set of pertinent non-linear ODEs are…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. N. Throumoulopoulos , H. Tasso , G. Poulipoulis

Existence of an entropy current with non-negative divergence puts a lot of constraints on the transport coefficients of a fluid, so does the existence of equilibrium. In all the cases we have studied so far we have seen an overlap between…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-18 Sayantani Bhattacharyya

We employ an effective kinetic description, based on the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation, to study the space-time dynamics and development of transverse flow of small and large collision systems. By combining…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-02-09 Victor E. Ambrus , S. Schlichting , C. Werthmann

Collective flow observed in heavy ion collisions is largely attributed to initial geometrical fluctuations, and it is the hydrodynamic evolution of the system that transforms those initial spatial irregularities into final state momentum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-16 Wei-Liang Qian , Philipe Mota , Rone Andrade , Fernando Gardim , Frederique Grassi , Yogiro Hama , Takeshi Kodama

We study the harmonic flows, for example, the directed, elliptic, third and fourth flow of the system of partons formed just after relativistic heavy ion collisions. We calculate the minijets produced during the primary collisions using…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-16 Ghi R. Shin

The LHC data on azimuthal anisotropy harmonics from PbPb collisions at center-of-mass energy 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair are analyzed and interpreted in the framework of the HYDJET++ model. The cross-talk of elliptic $v_2$ and triangular…

Anisotropic flow coefficients, $v_n$, non-linear flow mode coefficients, $\chi_{n,mk}$, and correlations among different symmetry planes, $\rho_{n,mk}$ are measured in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\rm{NN}}=5.02$ TeV. Results obtained with…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2020-06-16 ALICE Collaboration

Turbulence is a widely observed state of fluid flows, characterized by complex, nonlinear interactions between motions across a broad spectrum of length and time scales. While turbulence is ubiquitous, from teacups to planetary atmospheres,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-01-28 Adrian van Kan

The LHC data on event-by-event harmonic flow coefficients measured in PbPb collisions at center-of-mass energy 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair are analyzed and interpreted within the HYDJET++ model. To compare the model results with the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-12-29 L. V. Bravina , E. S. Fotina , V. L. Korotkikh , I. P. Lokhtin , L. V. Malinina , E. N. Nazarova , S. V. Petrushanko , A. M. Snigirev , E. E. Zabrodin