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In the case of malware analysis, categorization of malicious files is an essential part after malware detection. Numerous static and dynamic techniques have been reported so far for categorizing malware. This research presents a deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Muhammad Furqan Rafique , Muhammad Ali , Aqsa Saeed Qureshi , Asifullah Khan , Anwar Majid Mirza

The growing cybersecurity threats make it essential to use high-quality data to train Machine Learning (ML) models for network traffic analysis, without noisy or missing data. By selecting the most relevant features for cyber-attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-09 João Vitorino , Miguel Silva , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

Traditional malware detection methods exhibit computational inefficiency due to exhaustive feature extraction requirements, creating accuracy-efficiency trade-offs that limit real-time deployment. We formulate malware classification as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Naseem Khan , Aref Y. Al-Tamimi , Amine Bermak , Issa M. Khalil

Mobile malware has become one of the most critical security threats in the era of ubiquitous mobile computing. Despite the intensive efforts from security experts to counteract it, recent years have still witnessed a rapid growth of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Jiayi Hua , Kailong Wang , Meizhen Wang , Guangdong Bai , Xiapu Luo , Haoyu Wang

Machine learning (ML) used for static portable executable (PE) malware detection typically employs per-file numerical feature vector representations as input with one or more target labels during training. However, there is much orthogonal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Adarsh Kyadige , Ethan M. Rudd , Konstantin Berlin

Binary security has increasingly relied on deep learning to reason about malware behavior and program semantics. However, the performance often degrades as threat landscapes evolve and code representations shift. While continual learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yiling He , Junchi Lei , Hongyu She , Shuo Shao , Xinran Zheng , Yiping Liu , Zhan Qin , Lorenzo Cavallaro

By integrating dynamics models into model-free reinforcement learning (RL) methods, model-based value expansion (MVE) algorithms have shown a significant advantage in sample efficiency as well as value estimation. However, these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Bo Zhou , Hongsheng Zeng , Fan Wang , Yunxiang Li , Hao Tian

Reinforcement learning for LLMs is vulnerable to reward hacking, where models exploit shortcuts to maximize reward without solving the intended task. We systematically study this phenomenon in coding tasks using an environment-manipulation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Rui Wu , Ruixiang Tang

Over the past years, Machine Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS) has received a surging demand for supporting Machine Learning-driven services to offer revolutionized user experience across diverse application areas. MLaaS provides inference…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yuke Hu , Jian Lou , Jiaqi Liu , Wangze Ni , Feng Lin , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

In the current cybersecurity landscape, protecting military devices such as communication and battlefield management systems against sophisticated cyber attacks is crucial. Malware exploits vulnerabilities through stealth methods, often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Pedro Miguel Sánchez Sánchez , Alberto Huertas Celdrán , Gérôme Bovet , Gregorio Martínez Pérez

In spam and malware detection, attackers exploit randomization to obfuscate malicious data and increase their chances of evading detection at test time; e.g., malware code is typically obfuscated using random strings or byte sequences to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-07 Samuel Rota Bulò , Battista Biggio , Ignazio Pillai , Marcello Pelillo , Fabio Roli

It is needed to ensure the integrity of systems that process sensitive information and control many aspects of everyday life. We examine the use of machine learning algorithms to detect malware using the system calls generated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Michael R. Smith , Joe B. Ingram , Christopher C. Lamb , Timothy J. Draelos , Justin E. Doak , James B. Aimone , Conrad D. James

Behavioral malware detection aims to improve on the performance of static signature-based techniques used by anti-virus systems, which are less effective against modern polymorphic and metamorphic malware. Behavioral malware classification…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Bander Alsulami , Spiros Mancoridis

Data poisoning attacks are a potential threat to machine learning (ML) models, aiming to manipulate training datasets to disrupt their performance. Existing defenses are mostly designed to mitigate specific poisoning attacks or are aligned…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Anum Paracha , Junaid Arshad , Mohamed Ben Farah , Khalid Ismail

A number of important applied problems in engineering, finance and medicine can be formulated as a problem of anomaly detection. A classical approach to the problem is to describe a normal state using a one-class support vector machine.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-22 Evgeny Burnaev , Dmitry Smolyakov

Malware still constitutes a major threat in the cybersecurity landscape, also due to the widespread use of infection vectors such as documents. These infection vectors hide embedded malicious code to the victim users, facilitating the use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Davide Maiorca , Battista Biggio , Giorgio Giacinto

With the increasing number and sophistication of malware attacks, malware detection systems based on machine learning (ML) grow in importance. At the same time, many popular ML models used in malware classification are supervised solutions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Ran Liu , Maksim Eren , Charles Nicholas

Privacy-preserving inference in edge computing paradigms encourages the users of machine-learning services to locally run a model on their private input and only share the models outputs for a target task with the server. We study how a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Mohammad Malekzadeh , Deniz Gunduz

With the increasing extent of malware attacks in the present day along with the difficulty in detecting modern malware, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for malware classification.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Akhil M R , Adithya Krishna V Sharma , Harivardhan Swamy , Pavan A , Ashray Shetty , Anirudh B Sathyanarayana

Malware classification is a difficult problem, to which machine learning methods have been applied for decades. Yet progress has often been slow, in part due to a number of unique difficulties with the task that occur through all stages of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Edward Raff , Charles Nicholas