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Machine learning (ML) malware detectors rely heavily on crowd-sourced AntiVirus (AV) labels, with platforms like VirusTotal serving as a trusted source of malware annotations. But what if attackers could manipulate these labels to classify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Tianwei Lan , Luca Demetrio , Farid Nait-Abdesselam , Yufei Han , Simone Aonzo

Machine learning-based malware detection systems are often vulnerable to evasion attacks, in which a malware developer manipulates their malicious software such that it is misclassified as benign. Such software hides some properties of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Shirish Singh , Gail Kaiser

Machine Learning (ML) techniques can facilitate the automation of malicious software (malware for short) detection, but suffer from evasion attacks. Many studies counter such attacks in heuristic manners, lacking theoretical guarantees and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Deqiang Li , Shicheng Cui , Yun Li , Jia Xu , Fu Xiao , Shouhuai Xu

Machine Learning (ML)-based detectors are becoming essential to counter the proliferation of malware. However, common ML algorithms are not designed to cope with the dynamic nature of real-world settings, where both legitimate and malicious…

Machine learning (ML)-based network intrusion detection is susceptible to attacks that perturb malicious network flows to evade detection. Existing approaches to evaluating the robustness of these models rely on gradient-based optimization…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kyle Domico , Jean-Charles Noirot Ferrand , Patrick McDaniel

Malware remains a big threat to cyber security, calling for machine learning based malware detection. While promising, such detectors are known to be vulnerable to evasion attacks. Ensemble learning typically facilitates countermeasures,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Deqiang Li , Qianmu Li

Malicious software is abundant in a world of innumerable computer users, who are constantly faced with these threats from various sources like the internet, local networks and portable drives. Malware is potentially low to high risk and can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-05-15 Priyank Singhal , Nataasha Raul

The use of Machine Learning has become a significant part of malware detection efforts due to the influx of new malware, an ever changing threat landscape, and the ability of Machine Learning methods to discover meaningful distinctions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-16 John Boutsikas , Maksim E. Eren , Charles Varga , Edward Raff , Cynthia Matuszek , Charles Nicholas

Machine Learning (ML) models have been utilized for malware detection for over two decades. Consequently, this ignited an ongoing arms race between malware authors and antivirus systems, compelling researchers to propose defenses for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Shoumik Saha , Wenxiao Wang , Yigitcan Kaya , Soheil Feizi , Tudor Dumitras

Machine learning is becoming increasingly popular as a go-to approach for many tasks due to its world-class results. As a result, antivirus developers are incorporating machine learning models into their products. While these models improve…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Matouš Kozák , Martin Jureček , Mark Stamp , Fabio Di Troia

With the increase in machine learning (ML) applications in different domains, incentives for deceiving these models have reached more than ever. As data is the core backbone of ML algorithms, attackers shifted their interest toward…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam

Malware detection is an ever-present challenge for all organizational gatekeepers, who must maintain high detection rates while minimizing interruptions to the organization's workflow. To improve detection rates, organizations often deploy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Yoni Birman , Shaked Hindi , Gilad Katz , Asaf Shabtai

We propose the use of data transformations as a defense against evasion attacks on ML classifiers. We present and investigate strategies for incorporating a variety of data transformations including dimensionality reduction via Principal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-01 Arjun Nitin Bhagoji , Daniel Cullina , Chawin Sitawarin , Prateek Mittal

Malware, or software designed with harmful intent, is an ever-evolving threat that can have drastic effects on both individuals and institutions. Neural network malware classification systems are key tools for combating these threats but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Preston K. Robinette , Diego Manzanas Lopez , Serena Serbinowska , Kevin Leach , Taylor T. Johnson

Machine learning (ML) has gained significant adoption in Android malware detection to address the escalating threats posed by the rapid proliferation of malware attacks. However, recent studies have revealed the inherent vulnerabilities of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yuyang Zhou , Guang Cheng , Zongyao Chen , Shui Yu

To cope with the increasing variability and sophistication of modern attacks, machine learning has been widely adopted as a statistically-sound tool for malware detection. However, its security against well-crafted attacks has not only been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-01 Ambra Demontis , Marco Melis , Battista Biggio , Davide Maiorca , Daniel Arp , Konrad Rieck , Igino Corona , Giorgio Giacinto , Fabio Roli

The constant growth in the number of malware - software or code fragment potentially harmful for computers and information networks - and the use of sophisticated evasion and obfuscation techniques have seriously hindered classic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Nicola Loi , Claudio Borile , Daniele Ucci

Research shows that over the last decade, malware has been growing exponentially, causing substantial financial losses to various organizations. Different anti-malware companies have been proposing solutions to defend attacks from these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Hemant Rathore , Swati Agarwal , Sanjay K. Sahay , Mohit Sewak

Machine Learning (ML) promises to enhance the efficacy of Android Malware Detection (AMD); however, ML models are vulnerable to realistic evasion attacks--crafting realizable Adversarial Examples (AEs) that satisfy Android malware domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Hamid Bostani , Zhengyu Zhao , Zhuoran Liu , Veelasha Moonsamy

Malware continues to be a predominant operational risk for organizations, especially when obfuscation techniques are used to evade detection. Despite the ongoing efforts in the development of Machine Learning (ML) detection approaches,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 César Vieira , João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça