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The state complexity of a Deterministic Finite-state automaton (DFA) is the number of states in its minimal equivalent DFA. We study the state complexity of random $n$-state DFAs over a $k$-symbol alphabet, drawn uniformly from the set…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-03 Daniel Berend , Aryeh Kontorovich

Families of deterministic finite automata (FDFA) represent regular $\omega$-languages through their ultimately periodic words (UP-words). An FDFA accepts pairs of words, where the first component corresponds to a prefix of the UP-word, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-17 León Bohn , Yong Li , Christof Löding , Sven Schewe

We introduce deterministic suffix-reading automata (DSA), a new automaton model over finite words. Transitions in a DSA are labeled with words. From a state, a DSA triggers an outgoing transition on seeing a word ending with the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-31 R Keerthan , B Srivathsan , R Venkatesh , Sagar Verma

Families of DFAs (FDFAs) provide an alternative formalism for recognizing $\omega$-regular languages. The motivation for introducing them was a desired correlation between the automaton states and right congruence relations, in a manner…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Dana Angluin , Udi Boker , Dana Fisman

We introduce deterministic suffix-reading automata (DSA), a new automaton model over finite words. Transitions in a DSA are labeled with words. From a state, a DSA triggers an outgoing transition on seeing a word ending with the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-13 R Keerthan , B Srivathsan , R Venkatesh , Sagar Verma

Co-lex partial orders were recently introduced in (Cotumaccio et al., SODA 2021 and JACM 2023) as a powerful tool to index finite state automata, with applications to regular expression matching. They generalize Wheeler orders (Gagie et…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Ruben Becker , Davide Cenzato , Sung-Hwan Kim , Tomasz Kociumaka , Bojana Kodric , Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza

Given a nondeterministic finite-state automaton (NFA), we aim to estimate the size of an equivalent deterministic finite-state automaton (DFA). We demonstrate that computing the state complexity of an NFA within polynomial precision is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ivan Baburin , Ryan Cotterell

A deterministic finite automaton (DFA) is composite if its language can be decomposed into an intersection of languages of smaller DFAs. Otherwise, A is prime. This notion of primality was introduced by Kupferman and Mosheiff in 2013, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Ismaël Jecker , Nicolas Mazzocchi , Petra Wolf

We study the complexity of basic regular operations on languages represented by incomplete deterministic or nondeterministic automata, in which all states are final. Such languages are known to be prefix-closed. We get tight bounds on both…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-23 Kristína Čevorová , Galina Jirásková , Peter Mlynárčik , Matúš Palmovský , Juraj Šebej

Many natural language processing systems operate over tokenizations of text to address the open-vocabulary problem. In this paper, we give and analyze an algorithm for the efficient construction of deterministic finite automata (DFA)…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Martin Berglund , Willeke Martens , Brink van der Merwe

Wheeler DFAs (WDFAs) are a sub-class of finite-state automata which is playing an important role in the emerging field of compressed data structures: as opposed to general automata, WDFAs can be stored in just $\log\sigma + O(1)$ bits per…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Jarno Alanko , Nicola Cotumaccio , Nicola Prezza

We define a class of languages of infinite words over infinite alphabets, and the corresponding automata. The automata used for recognition are a generalisation of deterministic Muller automata to the setting of nominal sets. Remarkably,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-16 Vincenzo Ciancia , Matteo Sammartino

The article defines and studies the genus of finite state deterministic automata (FSA) and regular languages. Indeed, a FSA can be seen as a graph for which the notion of genus arises. At the same time, a FSA has a semantics via its…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-25 Guillaume Bonfante , Florian Deloup

We show that there are quantum devices that accept all regular languages and that are exponentially more concise than deterministic finite automata (DFA). For this purpose, we introduce a new computing model of {\it one-way quantum finite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-21 Daowen Qiu , Lvzhou Li , Paulo Mateus , Amilcar Sernadas

We consider the state complexity of basic operations on tree languages recognized by deterministic unranked tree automata. For the operations of union and intersection the upper and lower bounds of both weakly and strongly deterministic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-11 Xiaoxue Piao , Kai Salomaa

We consider a computational model which is known as set automata. The set automata are one-way finite automata with an additional storage---the set. There are two kinds of set automata---the deterministic and the nondeterministic ones. We…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-30 Alexander A. Rubtsov , Mikhail N. Vyalyi

A complete deterministic finite (semi)automaton (DFA) with a set of states $Q$ is \emph{completely reachable} if every nonempty subset of $Q$ is the image of the action of some word applied to $Q$. The concept of completely reachable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Robert Ferens , Marek Szykuła

Several new algorithms for deciding emptiness of Boolean combinations of regular languages and of languages of alternating automata (AFA) have been proposed recently, especially in the context of analysing regular expressions and in string…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Tomáš Fiedor , Lukáš Holík , Martin Hruška , Adam Rogalewicz , Juraj Síč , Pavol Vargovčík

Families of DFAs (FDFAs) have recently been introduced as a new representation of $\omega$-regular languages. They target ultimately periodic words, with acceptors revolving around accepting some representation $u\cdot v^\omega$. Three…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Yong Li , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang

We report some further developments regarding the language theory of higher-dimensional automata (HDAs). Regular languages of HDAs are sets of finite interval partially ordered multisets (pomsets) with interfaces. We show a pumping lemma…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Amazigh Amrane , Hugo Bazille , Uli Fahrenberg , Krzysztof Ziemiański