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Gauge/gravity duality is often described as a quantum error correcting code. However, as seen in the Jafferis-Lewkowycz-Maldacena-Suh (JLMS) formula, exact quantum error correction with complementary recovery (and thus entanglement wedge…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-05 Xi Dong , Donald Marolf , Pratik Rath

An open question in AdS/CFT is how to reconstruct semiclassical bulk operators precisely enough that non-perturbative quantum effects can be computed. We propose a set of physically-motivated requirements for such a reconstruction map, and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-23 Chris Akers , Andrew Lucas , Amit Vikram

We apply and extend the theory of universal recovery channels from quantum information theory to address the problem of entanglement wedge reconstruction in AdS/CFT. It has recently been proposed that any low-energy local bulk operators in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-07-31 Jordan Cotler , Patrick Hayden , Geoffrey Penington , Grant Salton , Brian Swingle , Michael Walter

Recent work has shown how to obtain the Page curve of an evaporating black hole from holographic computations of entanglement entropy. We show how these computations can be justified using the replica trick, from geometries with a spacetime…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-04-16 Geoff Penington , Stephen H. Shenker , Douglas Stanford , Zhenbin Yang

We investigate the reconstruction of asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) bulk geometries from boundary entanglement entropy data for ball-shaped entangling regions. By deriving an explicit inversion formula, we relate variations in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-22 Niko Jokela , Tony Liimatainen , Miika Sarkkinen , Leo Tzou

We determine $1/N$ corrections to a notion of generalized entanglement entropy known as entwinement dual to the length of a winding geodesic in asymptotically AdS$_3$ geometries. We explain how $1/N$ corrections can be computed formally via…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-06 Marius Gerbershagen , Dongming He

The information paradox can be realized in anti-de Sitter spacetime joined to a Minkowski region. In this setting, we show that the large discrepancy between the von Neumann entropy as calculated by Hawking and the requirements of unitarity…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-05-20 Ahmed Almheiri , Thomas Hartman , Juan Maldacena , Edgar Shaghoulian , Amirhossein Tajdini

We introduce a new algebraic framework for understanding nonperturbative gravitational aspects of bulk reconstruction with a finite or infinite-dimensional boundary Hilbert space. We use relative entropy equivalence between bulk and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-29 Elliott Gesteau , Monica Jinwoo Kang

We reformulate entanglement wedge reconstruction in the language of operator-algebra quantum error correction with infinite-dimensional physical and code Hilbert spaces. Von Neumann algebras are used to characterize observables in a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-09 Monica Jinwoo Kang , David K. Kolchmeyer

The replica wormholes are a key to the existence of the islands that play a central role in a recent proposal for the resolution of the black hole information paradox. In this paper, we study the replica wormholes in the JT gravity, a model…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-09 Shinji Hirano , Tsunehide Kuroki

We consider the problem of computing semi-classical R\'enyi entropies of CFT on AdS$_2$ backgrounds in JT gravity with nongravitating baths, for general replica number $n$. Away from the $n\to 1$ limit, the backreaction of the CFT twist…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-06-25 Timothy J. Hollowood , S. Prem Kumar , Luke C. Piper

In AdS/CFT partition functions of decoupled copies of the CFT factorize. In bulk computations of such quantities contributions from spacetime wormholes which link separate asymptotic boundaries threaten to spoil this property, leading to a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-07-29 Phil Saad , Stephen Shenker , Shunyu Yao

We generalize the recently discovered relationship between JT gravity and double-scaled random matrix theory to the case that the boundary theory may have time-reversal symmetry and may have fermions with or without supersymmetry. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-04-28 Douglas Stanford , Edward Witten

We show that the presence of replica wormholes in the Euclidean path integral of gravity leads to a non-perturbative violation of charge conservation for any global symmetry present in the low-energy description of quantum gravity.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-27 Po-Shen Hsin , Luca V. Iliesiu , Zhenbin Yang

This paper revisits the question of reconstructing bulk gauge fields as boundary operators in AdS/CFT. In the presence of the wormhole dual to the thermofield double state of two CFTs, the existence of bulk gauge fields is in some tension…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-17 Daniel Harlow

We analyze the algebra of boundary observables in canonically quantised JT gravity with or without matter. In the absence of matter, this algebra is commutative, generated by the ADM Hamiltonian. After coupling to a bulk quantum field…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-20 Geoff Penington , Edward Witten

The black hole interior is a mysterious region of spacetime where non-perturbative effects are sometimes important. These non-perturbative effects are believed to be highly theory-dependent. We sharpen these statements by considering a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-08-24 Ahmed Almheiri , Henry W. Lin

It is well-known that the entanglement entropies for spacelike subregions, and the associated modular Hamiltonians play a crucial role in the bulk reconstruction program within Anti de-Sitter (AdS) holography. Explicit examples of HKLL map…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-12 Avijit Das , Shivrat Sachdeva , Debajyoti Sarkar

We present a general theory of the corrections to the asymptotic behaviour of the Renyi entropies which measure the entanglement of an interval A of length L with the rest of an infinite one-dimensional system, in the case when this is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-02-16 John Cardy , Pasquale Calabrese

We calculate bulk and boundary correlators in JT gravity by summing over geometries. The answers are reproduced by computing suitable ensemble averages of correlators of chaotic quantum systems. We then consider bulk correlators at large…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-26 Andreas Blommaert
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