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Much as replacing hand-designed features with learned functions has revolutionized how we solve perceptual tasks, we believe learned algorithms will transform how we train models. In this work we focus on general-purpose learned optimizers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Luke Metz , Niru Maheswaranathan , C. Daniel Freeman , Ben Poole , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

Learned optimizers are algorithms that can themselves be trained to solve optimization problems. In contrast to baseline optimizers (such as momentum or Adam) that use simple update rules derived from theoretical principles, learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Niru Maheswaranathan , David Sussillo , Luke Metz , Ruoxi Sun , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

The performance of optimizers, particularly in deep learning, depends considerably on their chosen hyperparameter configuration. The efficacy of optimizers is often studied under near-optimal problem-specific hyperparameters, and finding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Prabhu Teja Sivaprasad , Florian Mai , Thijs Vogels , Martin Jaggi , François Fleuret

Optimization is an integral part of modern deep learning. Recently, the concept of learned optimizers has emerged as a way to accelerate this optimization process by replacing traditional, hand-crafted algorithms with meta-learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Jan Sobotka , Petr Šimánek , Daniel Vašata

Machine learning algorithms have been used widely in various applications and areas. To fit a machine learning model into different problems, its hyper-parameters must be tuned. Selecting the best hyper-parameter configuration for machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Li Yang , Abdallah Shami

Learned optimizers are increasingly effective, with performance exceeding that of hand designed optimizers such as Adam~\citep{kingma2014adam} on specific tasks \citep{metz2019understanding}. Despite the potential gains available, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Luke Metz , C. Daniel Freeman , Niru Maheswaranathan , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

We analyze the type of learned optimization that occurs when a learned model (such as a neural network) is itself an optimizer - a situation we refer to as mesa-optimization, a neologism we introduce in this paper. We believe that the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Evan Hubinger , Chris van Merwijk , Vladimir Mikulik , Joar Skalse , Scott Garrabrant

Deep learning has shown that learned functions can dramatically outperform hand-designed functions on perceptual tasks. Analogously, this suggests that learned optimizers may similarly outperform current hand-designed optimizers, especially…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Luke Metz , Niru Maheswaranathan , Jeremy Nixon , C. Daniel Freeman , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

It is typical for a machine learning system to have numerous hyperparameters that affect its learning rate and prediction quality. Finding a good combination of the hyperparameters is, however, a challenging job. This is mainly because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Dobromir Marinov , Daniel Karapetyan

Machine learning assumes a pivotal role in our data-driven world. The increasing scale of models and datasets necessitates quick and reliable algorithms for model training. This dissertation investigates adaptivity in machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Slavomír Hanzely

Learned optimizers -- neural networks that are trained to act as optimizers -- have the potential to dramatically accelerate training of machine learning models. However, even when meta-trained across thousands of tasks at huge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-23 James Harrison , Luke Metz , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

Numerical optimization of complex systems benefits from the technological development of computing platforms in the last twenty years. Unfortunately, this is still not enough, and a large computational time is still necessary when…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-07 Daniele Peri

As machine learning models grow increasingly complex and computationally demanding, understanding the environmental impact of training decisions becomes critical for sustainable AI development. This paper presents a comprehensive empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Tom Almog

Learned optimizers are a crucial component of meta-learning. Recent advancements in scalable learned optimizers have demonstrated their superior performance over hand-designed optimizers in various tasks. However, certain characteristics of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Gaole Dai , Wei Wu , Ziyu Wang , Jie Fu , Shanghang Zhang , Tiejun Huang

Recent research demonstrated that training large language models involves memorization of a significant fraction of training data. Such memorization can lead to privacy violations when training on sensitive user data and thus motivates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Vitaly Feldman , Guy Kornowski , Xin Lyu

Accurate hardware performance models are critical to efficient code generation. They can be used by compilers to make heuristic decisions, by superoptimizers as a minimization objective, or by autotuners to find an optimal configuration for…

Adaptive gradient-based optimizers such as Adagrad and Adam are crucial for achieving state-of-the-art performance in machine translation and language modeling. However, these methods maintain second-order statistics for each parameter,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Rohan Anil , Vineet Gupta , Tomer Koren , Yoram Singer

The field of learning-augmented algorithms has gained significant attention in recent years. These algorithms, using potentially inaccurate predictions, must exhibit three key properties: consistency, robustness, and smoothness. In…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Ziyad Benomar , Vianney Perchet

Deep learning optimizers are optimization algorithms that enable deep neural networks to learn. The effectiveness of learning is highly dependent on the optimizer employed in the training process. Alongside the rapid advancement of deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Doğay Altınel

Solving a problem with a deep learning model requires researchers to optimize the loss function with a certain optimization method. The research community has developed more than a hundred different optimizers, yet there is scarce data on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Dmitry Pasechnyuk , Anton Prazdnichnykh , Mikhail Evtikhiev , Timofey Bryksin
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