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A general procedure for introducing parametric, learned, nonlinearity into activation functions is found to enhance the accuracy of representative neural networks without requiring significant additional computational resources. Examples…
The primary neural networks decision-making units are activation functions. Moreover, they evaluate the output of networks neural node; thus, they are essential for the performance of the whole network. Hence, it is critical to choose the…
Deep neural networks are powerful tools to model observations over time with non-linear patterns. Despite the widespread use of neural networks in such settings, most theoretical developments of deep neural networks are under the assumption…
Neural networks use their hidden layers to transform input data into linearly separable data clusters, with a linear or a perceptron type output layer making the final projection on the line perpendicular to the discriminating hyperplane.…
We develop a variational framework to understand the properties of functions learned by fitting deep neural networks with rectified linear unit activations to data. We propose a new function space, which is reminiscent of classical bounded…
As modern deep learning architectures grow in complexity, representational ambiguity emerges as a critical barrier to their interpretability and reliable merging. For ReLU networks, identical functional mappings can be achieved through…
The activation function is at the heart of a deep neural networks nonlinearity; the choice of the function has great impact on the success of training. Currently, many practitioners prefer the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) due to its…
Current research suggests that the key factors in designing neural network architectures involve choosing number of filters for every convolution layer, number of hidden neurons for every fully connected layer, dropout and pruning. The…
Activation functions (AFs) play a pivotal role in the performance of neural networks. The Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) is currently the most commonly used AF. Several replacements to ReLU have been suggested but improvements have proven…
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have already become a crucial computational approach to revealing the spatial patterns in the human brain; however, there are three major shortcomings in utilizing DNNs to detect the spatial patterns in…
Deep neural networks can struggle to learn continually in the face of non-stationarity. This phenomenon is known as loss of plasticity. In this paper, we identify underlying principles that lead to plastic algorithms. In particular, we…
`Biologically inspired' activation functions, such as the logistic sigmoid, have been instrumental in the historical advancement of machine learning. However in the field of deep learning, they have been largely displaced by rectified…
In this paper, we investigate the relationship between deep neural networks (DNN) with rectified linear unit (ReLU) function as the activation function and continuous piecewise linear (CPWL) functions, especially CPWL functions from the…
Activation functions (AFs) are crucial components of deep neural networks (DNNs), having a significant impact on their performance. An activation function in a DNN is typically a smooth, nonlinear function that transforms an input signal…
The activation function deployed in a deep neural network has great influence on the performance of the network at initialisation, which in turn has implications for training. In this paper we study how to avoid two problems at…
Activity recognition has become a popular research branch in the field of pervasive computing in recent years. A large number of experiments can be obtained that activity sensor-based data's characteristic in activity recognition is…
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been widely applied. But as the CNNs grow, the number of arithmetic operations and memory footprint also increase. Furthermore, typical non-linear activation functions do not allow associativity of…
We present a novel and unified deep learning framework which is capable of learning domain-invariant representation from data across multiple domains. Realized by adversarial training with additional ability to exploit domain-specific…
Amongst others, the adoption of Rectified Linear Units (ReLUs) is regarded as one of the ingredients of the success of deep learning. ReLU activation has been shown to mitigate the vanishing gradient issue, to encourage sparsity in the…
Deep learning is recognized to be capable of discovering deep features for representation learning and pattern recognition without requiring elegant feature engineering techniques by taking advantage of human ingenuity and prior knowledge.…