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Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool to provide robust and accurate approximations of solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs face serious difficulties and challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Rajat Arora

In this paper, we develop a deep learning approach for the accurate solution of challenging problems of near-field microscopy that leverages the powerful framework of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for the inversion of the complex…

Optics · Physics 2024-06-12 Yuyao Chen , Luca Dal Negro

The great success of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) has significantly advanced our simulation and understanding of complex physical systems in science and engineering. However, many…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-10 Hao Zhang , Longxiang Jiang , Xinkun Chu , Yong Wen , Luxiong Li , Yonghao Xiao , Liyuan Wang

Neural architectures trained with losses inspired by differential conditions are the basis for PINN models. Since many constructions in differential geometry may be framed as minimisation of a differential functional, these functionals can…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Edward Hirst

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising numerical method based on deep learning for modeling boundary value problems, showcasing promising results in various fields. In this work, we use PINNs to discretize…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-06-10 Michel Nohra , Steven Dufour

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an influential method of solving differential equations and estimating their parameters given data. However, since they make use of neural networks, they provide only a point estimate of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Lena Podina , Mahdi Torabi Rad , Mohammad Kohandel

We propose the first learning scheme for functional differential equations (FDEs). FDEs play a fundamental role in physics, mathematics, and optimal control. However, the numerical analysis of FDEs has faced challenges due to its…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-25 Taiki Miyagawa , Takeru Yokota

In recent years, Scientific Machine Learning (SciML) methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) have gained increasing popularity. Within such a paradigm, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are novel deep learning…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-25 Pasquale Ambrosio , Salvatore Cuomo , Mariapia De Rosa

A significant advancement in Neural Network (NN) research is the integration of domain-specific knowledge through custom loss functions. This approach addresses a crucial challenge: how can models utilize physics or mathematical principles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Seyedeh Azadeh Fallah Mortezanejad , Ruochen Wang , Ali Mohammad-Djafari

Operator learning refers to the application of ideas from machine learning to approximate (typically nonlinear) operators mapping between Banach spaces of functions. Such operators often arise from physical models expressed in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Nikola B. Kovachki , Samuel Lanthaler , Andrew M. Stuart

Deep learning methods have gained considerable interest in the numerical solution of various partial differential equations (PDEs). One particular focus is physics-informed neural networks (PINN), which integrate physical principles into…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Xi'an Li , Jiaxin Deng , Jinran Wu , Shaotong Zhang , Weide Li , You-Gan Wang

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have received increased interest for forward, inverse, and surrogate modeling of problems described by partial differential equations (PDE). However, their application to multiphysics problem,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Danial Amini , Ehsan Haghighat , Ruben Juanes

The numerical approximation of partial differential equations (PDEs) using neural networks has seen significant advancements through Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). Despite their straightforward optimization framework and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Namgyu Kang , Jaemin Oh , Youngjoon Hong , Eunbyung Park

Self-supervised learning methods like masked autoencoders (MAE) have shown significant promise in learning robust feature representations, particularly in image reconstruction-based pretraining task. However, their performance is often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Sua Lee , Joonhun Lee , Myungjoo Kang

The residual loss in Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) alters the simple recursive relation of layers in a feed-forward neural network by applying a differential operator, resulting in a loss landscape that is inherently different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Nima Hosseini Dashtbayaz , Ghazal Farhani , Boyu Wang , Charles X. Ling

Operator regression provides a powerful means of constructing discretization-invariant emulators for partial-differential equations (PDEs) describing physical systems. Neural operators specifically employ deep neural networks to approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Katiana Kontolati , Somdatta Goswami , George Em Karniadakis , Michael D. Shields

We develop Structured-Knowledge-Informed Neural Networks (SKINNs), a unified estimation framework that embeds theoretical, simulated, previously learned, or cross-domain insights as differentiable constraints within flexible neural function…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-02 Yi Cao , Zexun Chen , Lin William Cong , Heqing Shi

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws directly into neural network training. However, solving high-fidelity PDEs remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Olaf Yunus Laitinen Imanov

Spatiotemporal partial differential equations (PDEs) find extensive application across various scientific and engineering fields. While numerous models have emerged from both physics and machine learning (ML) communities, there is a growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Coşku Can Horuz , Matthias Karlbauer , Timothy Praditia , Sergey Oladyshkin , Wolfgang Nowak , Sebastian Otte

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) solve physical systems by incorporating governing partial differential equations directly into neural network training. In electromagnetism, where well-established methodologies such as FDTD and FEM…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Nilufer K. Bulut