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Related papers: Bayesian outcome selection modelling

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In this paper we propose a new template for empirical studies intended to assess causal effects: the outcome-wide longitudinal design. The approach is an extension of what is often done to assess the causal effects of a treatment or…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-25 Tyler J. VanderWeele , Maya B. Mathur , Ying Chen

This study is concerned with the analysis of three-level ordinal outcome data with polytomous logistic regression in the presence of random-effects. It is assumed that the random-effects follow a Bridge distribution for the logit link,…

Applications · Statistics 2021-11-09 Ozgur Asar

Instrumental variable methods provide useful tools for inferring causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding. To apply these methods with large-scale data sets, a major challenge is to find valid instruments from a possibly…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-24 Xinyi Zhang , Linbo Wang , Stanislav Volgushev , Dehan Kong

The transmission dynamics of an epidemic are rarely homogeneous. Super-spreading events and super-spreading individuals are two types of heterogeneous transmissibility. Inference of super-spreading is commonly carried out on secondary case…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-23 Hannah Craddock , Simon EF Spencer , Xavier Didelot

In observational studies, the propensity score plays a central role in estimating causal effects of interest. The inverse probability weighting (IPW) estimator is commonly used for this purpose. However, if the propensity score model is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-21 Shunichiro Orihara , Tomotaka Momozaki , Tomoyuki Nakagawa

How should researchers analyze randomized experiments in which the main outcome is latent and measured in multiple ways but each measure contains some degree of error? We first identify a critical study-specific noncomparability problem in…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-13 Jiawei Fu , Donald P. Green

We consider Bayesian optimization of expensive-to-evaluate experiments that generate vector-valued outcomes over which a decision-maker (DM) has preferences. These preferences are encoded by a utility function that is not known in closed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Zhiyuan Jerry Lin , Raul Astudillo , Peter I. Frazier , Eytan Bakshy

While rankings are at the heart of social science research, little is known about how to analyze ranking data in experimental studies. This paper introduces a potential-outcomes framework to perform causal inference when outcome data are…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-12 Yuki Atsusaka

Sample selection models are a widely used approach for correcting bias caused by data that are missing not at random. Their formulation requires specifying the variables that influence the outcome and those that drive the selection process.…

Computation · Statistics 2026-03-25 Adam J. Iqbal , Emmanuel O. Ogundimu , F. Javier Rubio

When assessing the short term effect of air pollution on health outcomes, it is common practice to consider one pollutant at a time, due to their high correlation. Multi pollutant methods have been recently proposed, mainly consisting of…

Applications · Statistics 2019-06-19 Marta Blangiardo , Monica Pirani , Lauren Kanapka , Anna Hansell , Gary Fuller

Conventional survival analysis approaches estimate risk scores or individualized time-to-event distributions conditioned on covariates. In practice, there is often great population-level phenotypic heterogeneity, resulting from (unknown)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-03 Paidamoyo Chapfuwa , Chunyuan Li , Nikhil Mehta , Lawrence Carin , Ricardo Henao

In the social sciences we are often interested in comparing models specified by parametric equality or inequality constraints. For instance, when examining three group means $\{ \mu_1, \mu_2, \mu_3\}$ through an analysis of variance…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-08 Guido Consonni , Roberta Paroli

Small area ecological studies are commonly used in epidemiology to assess the impact of area level risk factors on health outcomes when data are only available in an aggregated form. However the resulting estimates are often biased due to…

Applications · Statistics 2017-01-19 Yingbo Wang , Sylvia Richardson , Anna Hansell , Marta Blangiardo

Inferences about hypotheses are ubiquitous in the cognitive sciences. Bayes factors provide one general way to compare different hypotheses by their compatibility with the observed data. Those quantifications can then also be used to choose…

Unintended pregnancy and abortion estimates are needed to inform and motivate investment in global health programmes and policies. Variability in the availability and reliability of data poses challenges for producing estimates. We…

Exposure measurement error is a ubiquitous but often overlooked challenge in causal inference with observational data. Existing methods accounting for exposure measurement error largely rely on restrictive parametric assumptions, while…

The availability of data from multiple heterogeneous environments has motivated methods that remain reliable under distributional shifts. When the joint distribution of response and predictors varies across environments, the response may…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-29 Ruqian Zhang , Juan Shen , Yijiao Zhang

The integration of mobile health (mHealth) devices into behavioral health research has fundamentally changed the way researchers and interventionalists are able to collect data as well as deploy and evaluate intervention strategies. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-17 Matthew D. Koslovsky , Emily T. Hebert , Michael S. Businelle , Marina Vannucci

Instrumental variables (IVs) are widely used to estimate causal effects in the presence of unobserved confounding between exposure and outcome. An IV must affect the outcome exclusively through the exposure and be unconfounded with the…

We introduce a new method for estimating the mean of an outcome variable within groups when researchers only observe the average of the outcome and group indicators across a set of aggregation units, such as geographical areas. Existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-01 Cory McCartan , Shiro Kuriwaki