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It is well-known that if one assumes quantum theory to hold locally, then processes with indefinite causal order and cyclic causal structures become feasible. Here, we study qualitative limitations on causal structures and correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-09 Eleftherios-Ermis Tselentis , Ämin Baumeler

We reformulate the information causality in a more general framework by adopting the results of signal propagation and computation in a noisy circuit. In our framework, the information causality leads to a broad class of Tsirelson…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Li-Yi Hsu , I-Ching Yu , Feng-Li Lin

Although quantum mechanics is a very successful theory, its foundations are still a subject of intense debate. One of the main problems is the fact that quantum mechanics is based on abstract mathematical axioms, rather than on physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-17 Daniel Cavalcanti , Alejo Salles , Valerio Scarani

Process matrices are a framework to model causal relations in the absence of a well-defined acyclic causal order. The framework is very general and does not even assume the existence of a background spacetime. As a result, it is an open…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-17 Matthias Salzger

Classically the causal order of two timelike separated events A and B is fixed -- either A before B or B before A. This is no longer true in quantum theory, where it is possible to encounter superpositions of causal orders. The quantum…

The idea that events obey a definite causal order is deeply rooted in our understanding of the world and at the basis of the very notion of time. But where does causal order come from, and is it a necessary property of nature? We address…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-15 Ognyan Oreshkov , Fabio Costa , Caslav Brukner

In standard quantum theory, the causal relations between operations are fixed. One can relax this notion by allowing for dynamical arrangements, where operations may influence the causal relations of future operations, as certified by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Veronika Baumann , Ämin Baumeler , Eleftherios-Ermis Tselentis

We show within the framework of relativistic quantum tasks that the doability of any task is fully determined by a small subset of its parameters that we call its "coarse causal structure", as well as the distributed computation it aims to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-25 Kfir Dolev

We explore indefinite causal order between events in the context of quasiclassical spacetimes in superposition. We introduce several new quantifiers to measure the degree of indefiniteness of the causal order for an arbitrary finite number…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-07 Samuel Fedida , Anne-Catherine de la Hamette , Viktoria Kabel , Časlav Brukner

It is known that the classical framework of causal models is not general enough to allow for causal reasoning about quantum systems. While the framework has been generalized in a variety of different ways to the quantum case, much of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-23 Jonathan Barrett , Robin Lorenz , Ognyan Oreshkov

The study of causal relations has recently been applied to the quantum realm, leading to the discovery that not all physical processes have a definite causal structure. While indefinite causal processes have previously been experimentally…

Principle of information causality, proposed as a generalization of no signaling principle, has efficiently been applied to outcast beyond quantum correlations as unphysical. In this letter we show that this principle when utilized properly…

Quantum processes can exhibit scenarios beyond a fixed order of events. We propose information inequalities that, when violated, constitute sufficient conditions to certify quantum processes without a fixed causal order -- causally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Matheus Capela , Kaumudibikash Goswami

This thesis establishes a number of connections between foundational issues in quantum theory, and some quantum information applications. It starts with a review of quantum contextuality and non-locality, multipartite entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ernesto F. Galvao

Information causality (IC) was one of the first principles that have been invoked to bound the set of quantum correlations. For some families of correlations, this principle recovers exactly the boundary of the quantum set; for others,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Baichu Yu , Valerio Scarani

Quantum mechanics is not the unique no-signaling theory which is endowed with stronger-than-classical correlations, and there exists a broad class of no-signaling theories allowing even stronger-than-quantum correlations. The principle of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-07 Yang Xiang , Wei Ren

The field of indefinite causal order (ICO) has seen a recent surge in interest. Much of this research has focused on the quantum SWITCH, wherein multiple parties act in a superposition of different orders in a manner transcending the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 Michael Antesberger , Marco Túlio Quintino , Philip Walther , Lee A. Rozema

Recent studies suggest that physical theories can exhibit indefinite causal structures, where the causal order of events is fundamentally undefined yet logically consistent. Beyond its foundational appeal, causal indefiniteness has also…

Can causal relations be subject to quantum indefiniteness, similar to other physical properties? The process-matrix framework formalises this possibility: valid processes are defined by what local laboratories can implement, without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Jacopo Surace , Shintaro Minagawa , Ravi Kunjwal

Quantum correlations can be stronger than anything achieved by classical systems, yet they are not reaching the limit imposed by relativity. The principle of information causality offers a possible explanation for why the world is quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-12 Martin Ringbauer , Alessandro Fedrizzi , Dominic W. Berry , Andrew G. White