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Mathematical Information Retrieval (MIR) is the task of retrieving information from mathematical documents and plays a key role in various applications, including theorem search in mathematical libraries, answer retrieval on math forums,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Haocheng Ju , Bin Dong

Visual document retrieval has become essential for accessing information in visually rich documents. Existing approaches fall into two camps. Late-interaction retrievers achieve strong quality through fine-grained token-level matching but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Weien Li , Rui Song , Zeyu Li , Haochen Liu , Gonghao Zhang , Difan Jiao , Zhenwei Tang , Bowei He , Haolun Wu , Xue Liu , Ye Yuan

Dual-encoder-based dense retrieval models have become the standard in IR. They employ large Transformer-based language models, which are notoriously inefficient in terms of resources and latency. We propose Fast-Forward indexes -- vector…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Jurek Leonhardt , Henrik Müller , Koustav Rudra , Megha Khosla , Abhijit Anand , Avishek Anand

We show that it is feasible to perform entity linking by training a dual encoder (two-tower) model that encodes mentions and entities in the same dense vector space, where candidate entities are retrieved by approximate nearest neighbor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Daniel Gillick , Sayali Kulkarni , Larry Lansing , Alessandro Presta , Jason Baldridge , Eugene Ie , Diego Garcia-Olano

We investigate the exploitation of both lexical and neural relevance signals for ad-hoc passage retrieval. Our exploration involves a large-scale training dataset in which dense neural representations of MS-MARCO queries and passages are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Franco Maria Nardini , Raffaele Perego , Nicola Tonellotto , Salvatore Trani

Multi-vector dense models, such as ColBERT, have proven highly effective in information retrieval. ColBERT's late interaction scoring approximates the joint query-document attention seen in cross-encoders while maintaining inference…

Based on analyzing the character of cascaded decoder architecture commonly adopted in existing DETR-like models, this paper proposes a new decoder architecture. The cascaded decoder architecture constrains object queries to update in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhixiong Nan , Xianghong Li , Jifeng Dai , Tao Xiang

Generative retrieval generates identifiers of relevant documents in an end-to-end manner using a sequence-to-sequence architecture for a given query. The relation between generative retrieval and other retrieval methods, especially those…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Shiguang Wu , Wenda Wei , Mengqi Zhang , Zhumin Chen , Jun Ma , Zhaochun Ren , Maarten de Rijke , Pengjie Ren

Recently embedding-based retrieval or dense retrieval have shown state of the art results, compared with traditional sparse or bag-of-words based approaches. This paper introduces a model-agnostic doc-level embedding framework through large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Mingrui Wu , Sheng Cao

Open-domain extractive question answering works well on textual data by first retrieving candidate texts and then extracting the answer from those candidates. However, some questions cannot be answered by text alone but require information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Bogdan Kostić , Julian Risch , Timo Möller

Dense retrieval has become the industry standard in large-scale information retrieval systems due to its high efficiency and competitive accuracy. Its core relies on a coarse-to-fine hierarchical architecture that enables rapid candidate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Huimu Wang , Yiming Qiu , Xingzhi Yao , Zhiguo Chen , Guoyu Tang , Songlin Wang , Sulong Xu , Mingming Li

This paper describes a compact and effective model for low-latency passage retrieval in conversational search based on learned dense representations. Prior to our work, the state-of-the-art approach uses a multi-stage pipeline comprising…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Sheng-Chieh Lin , Jheng-Hong Yang , Jimmy Lin

With a good code search engine, developers can reuse existing code snippets and accelerate software development process. Current code search methods can be divided into two categories: traditional information retrieval (IR) based and deep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Fan Hu , Yanlin Wang , Lun Du , Xirong Li , Hongyu Zhang , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

In simple open-domain question answering (QA), dense retrieval has become one of the standard approaches for retrieving the relevant passages to infer an answer. Recently, dense retrieval also achieved state-of-the-art results in multi-hop…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Georgios Sidiropoulos , Nikos Voskarides , Svitlana Vakulenko , Evangelos Kanoulas

Passage retrieval and ranking is a key task in open-domain question answering and information retrieval. Current effective approaches mostly rely on pre-trained deep language model-based retrievers and rankers. These methods have been shown…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Shengyao Zhuang , Guido Zuccon

Neural networks with deep architectures have demonstrated significant performance improvements in computer vision, speech recognition, and natural language processing. The challenges in information retrieval (IR), however, are different…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Bhaskar Mitra

Many recent approaches of passage retrieval are using dense embeddings generated from deep neural models, called "dense passage retrieval". The state-of-the-art end-to-end dense passage retrieval systems normally deploy a deep neural model…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Yifan Wang , Haodi Ma , Daisy Zhe Wang

Text retrieval is a long-standing research topic on information seeking, where a system is required to return relevant information resources to user's queries in natural language. From classic retrieval methods to learning-based ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Liu , Ruiyang Ren , Ji-Rong Wen

Information retrieval is indispensable for today's Internet applications, yet traditional semantic matching techniques often fall short in capturing the fine-grained cross-modal interactions required for complex queries. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Lang Huang , Qiyu Wu , Zhongtao Miao , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Pseudo-relevance feedback mechanisms, from Rocchio to the relevance models, have shown the usefulness of expanding and reweighting the users' initial queries using information occurring in an initial set of retrieved documents, known as the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Xiao Wang , Craig Macdonald , Nicola Tonellotto , Iadh Ounis