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Anomaly detection is referred to as a process in which the aim is to detect data points that follow a different pattern from the majority of data points. Anomaly detection methods suffer from several well-known challenges that hinder their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Kasra Babaei , Zhi Yuan Chen , Tomas Maul

With the increase in the learning capability of deep convolution-based architectures, various applications of such models have been proposed over time. In the field of anomaly detection, improvements in deep learning opened new prospects of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Jin-Ha Lee , Marcella Astrid , Muhammad Zaigham Zaheer , Seung-Ik Lee

Visual surface anomaly detection aims to detect local image regions that significantly deviate from normal appearance. Recent surface anomaly detection methods rely on generative models to accurately reconstruct the normal areas and to fail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Vitjan Zavrtanik , Matej Kristan , Danijel Skočaj

In real life, various degradation scenarios exist that might damage document images, making it harder to recognize and analyze them, thus binarization is a fundamental and crucial step for achieving the most optimal performance in any…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Risab Biswas , Swalpa Kumar Roy , Ning Wang , Umapada Pal , Guang-Bin Huang

Convolutional autoencoders have emerged as popular methods for unsupervised defect segmentation on image data. Most commonly, this task is performed by thresholding a pixel-wise reconstruction error based on an $\ell^p$ distance. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Paul Bergmann , Sindy Löwe , Michael Fauser , David Sattlegger , Carsten Steger

This work studies a challenging and practical issue known as multi-class unsupervised anomaly detection (MUAD). This problem requires only normal images for training while simultaneously testing both normal and anomaly images across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Jiangning Zhang , Xuhai Chen , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang , Yong Liu , Xiangtai Li , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Dacheng Tao

Variational Auto-Encoders have often been used for unsupervised pretraining, feature extraction and out-of-distribution and anomaly detection in the medical field. However, VAEs often lack the ability to produce sharp images and learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-28 David Zimmerer , Jens Petersen , Klaus Maier-Hein

Recently, detecting logical anomalies is becoming a more challenging task compared to detecting structural ones. Existing encoder decoder based methods typically compress inputs into low-dimensional bottlenecks on the assumption that the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Muhao Xu , Xueying Zhou , Xizhan Gao , Weiye Song , Guang Feng , Sijie Niu

Convolutional networks for single-view object reconstruction have shown impressive performance and have become a popular subject of research. All existing techniques are united by the idea of having an encoder-decoder network that performs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Maxim Tatarchenko , Stephan R. Richter , René Ranftl , Zhuwen Li , Vladlen Koltun , Thomas Brox

The auto-encoder method is a type of dimensionality reduction method. A mapping from a vector to a descriptor that represents essential information can be automatically generated from a set of vectors without any supervising information.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-13 Tadashi Matsuo , Hiroya Fukuhara , Nobutaka Shimada

Anomaly detection on the attributed network has recently received increasing attention in many research fields, such as cybernetic anomaly detection and financial fraud detection. With the wide application of deep learning on graph…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Yuanjun Shi

Most advanced unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) methods rely on modeling feature representations of frozen encoder networks pre-trained on large-scale datasets, e.g. ImageNet. However, the features extracted from the encoders that are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Jia Guo , Shuai Lu , Lize Jia , Weihang Zhang , Huiqi Li

Anomaly detection and localization in industrial images are essential for automated quality inspection. PaDiM, a prominent method, models the distribution of normal image features extracted by pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Cory Gardner , Byungseok Min , Tae-Hyuk Ahn

Contrastive self-supervised learning has emerged as a promising approach to unsupervised visual representation learning. In general, these methods learn global (image-level) representations that are invariant to different views (i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Pedro O. Pinheiro , Amjad Almahairi , Ryan Y. Benmalek , Florian Golemo , Aaron Courville

Since their emergence, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have made significant strides in medical image analysis. However, the local nature of the convolution operator may pose a limitation for capturing global and long-range…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-01 Abdul Rehman Khan , Asifullah Khan

Referring image segmentation is a fundamental vision-language task that aims to segment out an object referred to by a natural language expression from an image. One of the key challenges behind this task is leveraging the referring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Zhao Yang , Jiaqi Wang , Yansong Tang , Kai Chen , Hengshuang Zhao , Philip H. S. Torr

Anomaly detection in spatiotemporal data is a challenging problem encountered in a variety of applications, including video surveillance, medical imaging data, and urban traffic monitoring. Existing anomaly detection methods focus mainly on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Rachita Mondal , Mert Indibi , Tapabrata Maiti , Selin Aviyente

Reconstruction-based methods play an important role in unsupervised anomaly detection in images. Ideally, we expect a perfect reconstruction for normal samples and poor reconstruction for abnormal samples. Since the generalizability of deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Jinlei Hou , Yingying Zhang , Qiaoyong Zhong , Di Xie , Shiliang Pu , Hong Zhou

Recently anomaly detection (AD) has become an important application for target detection in hyperspectral remotely sensed images. In many applications, in addition to high accuracy of detection we need a fast and reliable algorithm as well.…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-01-11 Mohsen Zare Baghbidi , Kamal Jamshidi , Ahmad Reza Naghsh Nilchi , Saeid Homayouni

Visual anomaly detection aims to identify anomalous regions in images through unsupervised learning paradigms, with increasing application demand and value in fields such as industrial inspection and medical lesion detection. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiangning Zhang , Haoyang He , Zhenye Gan , Qingdong He , Yuxuan Cai , Zhucun Xue , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang , Lei Xie , Yong Liu