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Voting is a very important issue which can be beneficial in term of choosing the right leader in an election. A good leader can bring prosperity to a country and also can lead the country in the right direction every time. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Kazi Sadia , Md. Masuduzzaman , Rajib Kumar Paul , Anik Islam

A central challenge in blockchain tokenomics is aligning short-term performance incentives with long-term decentralization goals. We propose a framework for algorithmic monetary policies that navigates this tradeoff in repeated…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Diodato Ferraioli , Paolo Penna , Manvir Schneider , Carmine Ventre

Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain systems, especially those that allow stakeholders to organize themselves in ``stake-pools'', have emerged as a compelling paradigm for the deployment of large scale distributed ledgers. A stake-pool operates…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Aggelos Kiayias , Elias Koutsoupias , Aikaterini-Panagiota Stouka

Equipping current decision-making tools with notions of fairness, equitability, or other ethically motivated outcomes, is one of the top priorities in recent research efforts in machine learning, AI, and optimization. In this paper, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-27 Andrea Simonetto , Ivano Notarnicola

Cryptographic tokens are a new digital paradigm that can facilitate the establishment of economic incentives in digital ecoystems. Tokens can be leveraged for the coordination, optimization and governance of large networks at scale in a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Ricky Lamberty , Alexander Poddey , David Galindo , Danny de Waard , Tobias Koelbel , Daniel Kirste

The Proof of Efficient Liquidity (PoEL) protocol, designed for specialised Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus-based blockchains that incorporate intrinsic DeFi applications, aims to support sustainable liquidity bootstrapping and network…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-02-19 Arman Abgaryan , Utkarsh Sharma , Joshua Tobkin

All public blockchains are secured by a proof of opportunity cost among block producers. For example, the security offered by proof-of-work (PoW) systems, like Bitcoin, is due to spent computation; it is work precisely because it cannot be…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-08-27 George Bissias , Brian N. Levine , David Thibodeau

It is needless to mention the (already established) overarching importance of knowledge organization and its tried-and-tested high-quality schemes in knowledge-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. But equally, it is also hard to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Mayukh Bagchi

In the context of decentralized blockchains, accurately simulating the outcome of order flow auctions (OFAs) off-chain is challenging due to adversarial sequencing, encrypted bids, and frequent state changes. Existing approaches, such as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Alex Watts , Davide Sinesi , Jacob Greene

Proof-of-Work (PoW) systems face critical challenges, including excessive energy consumption and the centralization of mining power among entities with expensive hardware. Static mining pools exacerbate these issues by reducing competition…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Rizwanul Haque , SM Tareq Aziz , Tahrim Hossain , Faisal Haque Bappy , Muhammad Nur Yanhaona , Tariqul Islam

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), utilizing blockchain technology to enable collective governance, are a promising innovation. This research addresses the ongoing query in blockchain governance: How can DAOs optimize human…

General Economics · Economics 2025-08-11 Yulin Liu , Luyao Zhang

With advancements in distributed ledger technologies and smart contracts, tokenized voting rights gained prominence within Decentralized Finance (DeFi). Voting rights tokens (aka. governance tokens) are fungible tokens that grant individual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Joaquin Delgado Fernandez , Tom Barbereau , Orestis Papageorgiou

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) resemble early online communities, particularly those centered around open-source projects, and present a potential empirical framework for complex social-computing systems by encoding…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Tanusree Sharma , Yujin Potter , Kornrapat Pongmala , Henry Wang , Andrew Miller , Dawn Song , Yang Wang

Blockchain applications that rely on the Proof-of-Work (PoW) have increasingly become energy inefficient with a staggering carbon footprint. In contrast, energy-efficient alternative consensus protocols such as Proof-of-Stake (PoS) may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Muhammad Saad , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren , DaeHun Nyang , David Mohaisen

When users access shared resources in a selfish manner, the resulting societal cost and perceived users' cost is often higher than what would result from a centrally coordinated optimal allocation. While several contributions in mechanism…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Leonardo Pedroso , Andrea Agazzi , W. P. M. H. Heemels , Mauro Salazar

Proof-of-Work (PoW) is the most widely adopted incentive model in current blockchain systems, which unfortunately is energy inefficient. Proof-of-Stake (PoS) is then proposed to tackle the energy issue. The rich-get-richer concern of PoS…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Yuming Huang , Jing Tang , Qianhao Cong , Andrew Lim , Jianliang Xu

In participatory budgeting (PB), voters decide through voting which subset of projects to fund within a given budget. Proportionality in the context of PB is crucial to ensure equal treatment of all groups of voters. However, pure…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Georgios Papasotiropoulos , Seyedeh Zeinab Pishbin , Oskar Skibski , Piotr Skowron , Tomasz Wąs

Blockchain technology enables secure tokens transfers in digital marketplaces, and recent advances in this field provide other desirable properties such as efficiency, privacy, and price stability. However, these properties do not always…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Anwitaman Datta , Daniël Reijsbergen , Jingchi Zhang , Suman Majumder

As a trusted middleware connecting the blockchain and the real world, the blockchain oracle can obtain trusted real-time price information for financial applications such as payment and settlement, and asset valuation on the blockchain.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Youquan Xian , Xueying Zeng , Hao Wu , Danping Yang , Peng Wang , Peng Liu

This paper presents a novel staking coopetition design aimed at incentivizing decentralization and continuous growth of economic security within a proof-of-stake system. Staking rewards follow a nonlinear mapping relative to stake size.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-05-19 Michael D. Norman , Simon Brown , Mallesh Pai , Laurence Smith