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Generalized abelian equivalence compares words by their factors up to a certain bounded length. The associated complexity function counts the equivalence classes for factors of a given size of an infinite sequence. How practical is this…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Jean-Michel Couvreur , Martin Delacourt , Nicolas Ollinger , Pierre Popoli , Jeffrey Shallit , Manon Stipulanti

We prove that for $1<c<4/3$ the subsequence of the Thue--Morse sequence $\mathbf t$ indexed by $\lfloor n^c\rfloor$ defines a normal sequence, that is, each finite sequence $(\varepsilon_0,\ldots,\varepsilon_{T-1})\in \{0,1\}^T$ occurs as a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-18 Lukas Spiegelhofer

Given a convergent sequence of nodes we present a one-dimensional-holomorphic-function version of the Newton interpolation method of polynomials. It also generalises the Taylor and the Laurent formula. In other words, we present an…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2012-02-28 Tomasz Sobieszek

Two words are $k$-binomially equivalent whenever they share the same subwords, i.e., subsequences, of length at most $k$ with the same multiplicities. This is a refinement of both abelian equivalence and the Simon congruence. The…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-12-19 Marie Lejeune , Julien Leroy , Michel Rigo

We consider the positions of occurrences of a factor $x$ and its binary complement $\overline{x}$ in the Thue-Morse word ${\bf t} = {\tt 01101001} \cdots$, and show that these occurrences are "intertwined" in essentially two different ways.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Jeffrey Shallit

In this lecture notes we try to familiarize the audience with the theory of Bernoulli polynomials; we study their properties, and we give, with proofs and references, some of the most relevant results related to them. Several applications…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-02-10 Omran Kouba

We define a theory of parameterized algebraic complexity classes in analogy to parameterized Boolean counting classes. We define the classes VFPT and VW[t], which mirror the Boolean counting classes #FPT and #W[t], and define appropriate…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Markus Blaeser , Christian Engels

We present a general method for computing the abelian complexity $\rho^{\rm ab}_{\bf s} (n)$ of an automatic sequence $\bf s$ in the case where (a) $\rho^{\rm ab}_{\bf s} (n)$ is bounded by a constant and (b) the Parikh vectors of the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Jeffrey Shallit

We study the extended Frobenius problem for sequences of the form $\{f_a+f_n\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$, where $\{f_n\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ is the Fibonacci sequence and $f_a$ is a Fibonacci number. As a consequence, we show that the family of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-29 Aureliano M. Robles-Pérez , José Carlos Rosales

We give a global version of Le-Ramanujam mu-constant theorem for polynomials. Let f_t, (t in [0,1]), be a family of polynomials of n complex variables with isolated singularities, whose coefficients are polynomials in t. We consider the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Arnaud Bodin

We put forward several general conjectures concerning the algebraicity or transcendence of continued fractions and Stieltjes continued fractions defined by the Thue-Morse and period-doubling sequences in characteristic $2$. We present our…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Yining Hu , Guoniu Wei-Han

We extend Fibonacci numbers with arbitrary weights and generalize a dozen Fibonacci identities. As a special case, we propose an elliptic extension which extends the $q$-Fibonacci polynomials appearing in Schur's work. The proofs of most of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-20 Gaurav Bhatnagar , Archna Kumari , Michael J. Schlosser

Equivalence testing for a polynomial family {g_m} over a field F is the following problem: Given black-box access to an n-variate polynomial f(x), where n is the number of variables in g_m, check if there exists an A in GL(n,F) such that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Janaky Murthy , Vineet Nair , Chandan Saha

We use the automatic theorem prover Walnut to resolve various open problems from the OEIS and beyond. Specifically, we clarify the structure of sequence A260311, which concerns runs of sums of upper Wythoff numbers. We extend a result of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-07 Wieb Bosma , Rene Bruin , Robbert Fokkink , Jonathan Grube , Anniek Reuijl , Thian Tromp

Let $(F_n)_{n\ge 1}$ be the Fibonacci sequence. Define $P(F_n): = (\sum_{i=1}^n F_i)_{n\ge 1}$; that is, the function $P$ gives the sequence of partial sums of $(F_n)$. In this paper, we first give an identity involving $P^k(F_n)$, which is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-08 Hung Viet Chu

This paper presents both a method and a result. The result presents a closed formula for the sum of the first $m+1,m \ge 0,$ squares of the sequence $F^{(k)}$ where each member is the sum of the previous $k$ members and with initial…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-03 Russell Jay Hendel

We prove that certain sequences of finite continued fractions associated with a 2-periodic continued fraction with period a,b>0 are moment sequences of discrete signed measures supported in the interval [-1,1], and we give necessary and…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2009-02-10 Christian Berg , Antonio J. Durán

The notion of palindromic length of a finite word, as well as an infinite word, was first introduced by Frid, Puzynina and Zamboni\cite{FRID2013737}. They conjectured that if the palindromic length of an infinite word is bounded, then this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-30 Shuo Li

In this paper, as an analogue of the integer case, we study detailedly the period and the rank of the generalized Fibonacci sequence of polynomials over a finite field modulo an arbitrary polynomial. We establish some formulas to compute…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-31 Zekai Chen , Min Sha , Chen Wei

The Fibonacci sequence is obtained as weighted sum along the rows in the Pascal triangle by choosing a periodic up-and-down pattern of weights from the set $\{-1,-\frac{1}{2},0, \frac{1}{2}, 1\}$. A graphical illustration of this identity…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2018-11-07 Bernhard Moser