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Introduced in [CG24], pseudorandom error-correcting codes (PRCs) are a new cryptographic primitive with applications in watermarking generative AI models. These are codes where a collection of polynomially many codewords is computationally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Surendra Ghentiyala , Venkatesan Guruswami

Adversarial misuse, particularly through `jailbreaking' that circumvents a model's safety and ethical protocols, poses a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). This paper delves into the mechanisms behind such successful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Huijie Lv , Xiao Wang , Yuansen Zhang , Caishuang Huang , Shihan Dou , Junjie Ye , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Grover's algorithm is a quantum query algorithm solving the unstructured search problem of size $N$ using $O(\sqrt{N})$ queries. It provides a significant speed-up over any classical algorithm \cite{Gro96}. The running time of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-24 Dmitry Kravchenko , Nikolajs Nahimovs , Alexander Rivosh

We present a general compiler to add the publicly verifiable deletion property for various cryptographic primitives including public key encryption, attribute-based encryption, and quantum fully homomorphic encryption. Our compiler only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Fuyuki Kitagawa , Ryo Nishimaki , Takashi Yamakawa

Exploring the symmetries underlying a previously proposed encryption scheme which relies on single-qubit rotations, we derive an improved upper bound on the maximum information that an eavesdropper might extract from all the available…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-02 U. Seyfarth , G. M. Nikolopoulos , G. Alber

We identify obfuscated gradients, a kind of gradient masking, as a phenomenon that leads to a false sense of security in defenses against adversarial examples. While defenses that cause obfuscated gradients appear to defeat iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Anish Athalye , Nicholas Carlini , David Wagner

Quantum key distribution (QKD) seeks to provide a method of generating cryptographically-secure keys between remote parties while guaranteeing unconditional security. Implementations of high-dimensional QKD using dispersive-optics (DO-QKD)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-15 Ariel Shlosberg , Alex Kwiatkowski , Akira Kyle , Graeme Smith

The Early Fault-Tolerant (EFT) era is emerging, where modest Quantum Error Correction (QEC) can enable quantum utility before full-scale fault tolerance. Quantum optimization is a leading candidate for early applications, but protecting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Ramin Ayanzadeh , Ahmad Mousavi , Amirhossein Basareh , Narges Alavisamani , Kazem Taram

In order to research the security of the knapsack problem under quantum algorithm attack, we study the quantum algorithm for knapsack problem over Z_r based on the relation between the dimension of the knapsack vector and r. First, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-28 Xiangqun Fu , Wansu Bao , Jianhong Shi , Fada Li , Yuchao Zhang

We study the round and communication complexities of various cryptographic protocols. We give tight lower bounds on the round and communication complexities of any fully black-box reduction of a statistically hiding commitment scheme from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Iftach Haitner , Jonathan J. Hoch , Omer Reingold , Gil Segev

Several quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols employ iterative sifting. After each quantum transmission round, Alice and Bob disclose part of their setting information (including their basis choices) for the detected signals. The quantum…

In the permutation inversion problem, the task is to find the preimage of some challenge value, given oracle access to the permutation. This is a fundamental problem in query complexity, and appears in many contexts, particularly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Gorjan Alagic , Chen Bai , Alexander Poremba , Kaiyan Shi

Software obfuscation and encryption present persistent challenges for program comprehension and security analysis, particularly when adversaries conceal Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) such as IP addresses within source code. While Large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jaime Morales , Sergio Pastrana , Juan Tapiador

Commit-and-open Sigma-protocols are a popular class of protocols for constructing non-interactive zero-knowledge arguments and digital-signature schemes via the Fiat-Shamir transformation. Instantiated with hash-based commitments, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Jelle Don , Serge Fehr , Christian Majenz , Christian Schaffner

Providing security guarantees for wireless communication is critically important for today's applications. While previous work in this area has concentrated on radio frequency (RF) channels, providing security guarantees for RF channels is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Amine Laourine , Aaron B. Wagner

We initiate the provable related-key security treatment for models of practical Feistel ciphers. In detail, we consider Feistel networks with four whitening keys $w_i(k)$ ($i=0,1,2,3$) and round-functions of the form $f(\gamma_i(k)\oplus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-06 Chun Guo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols with threshold detectors are driving high-performance QKD demonstrations. The corresponding security proofs usually assume that all physical detectors have the same detection efficiency. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-02 Yanbao Zhang , Patrick J. Coles , Adam Winick , Jie Lin , Norbert Lutkenhaus

A standard approach to quantum computing is based on the idea of promoting a classically simulable and fault-tolerant set of operations to a universal set by the addition of `magic' quantum states. In this context, we develop a general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-12 Matteo Lostaglio , Alessandro Ciani

Is it possible to convert classical cryptographic reductions into post-quantum ones? It is customary to argue that while this is problematic in the interactive setting, non-interactive reductions do carry over. However, when considering…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-07 Nir Bitansky , Zvika Brakerski , Yael Tauman Kalai

Circuit compilation, a crucial process for adapting quantum algorithms to hardware constraints, often operates as a ``black box,'' with limited visibility into the optimization techniques used by proprietary systems or advanced open-source…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Satwik Kundu , Swaroop Ghosh