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Related papers: Architectures of Compact Multi-planet Systems: Div…

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The planets within compact multi-planet systems tend to have similar sizes, masses, and orbital period ratios, like "peas in a pod". This pattern was detected when considering planets with radii between 1 and 4 $R_\oplus$. However, these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-27 Sarah C. Millholland , Joshua N. Winn

Super-Earths within the same close-in, compact planetary system tend to exhibit a striking degree of uniformity in their radius, mass, and orbital spacing, and this 'peas-in-a-pod' phenomenon itself serves to provide one of the strongest…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-05 Armaan V. Goyal , Fei Dai , Songhu Wang

Recent studies have shown that the radii and masses of adjacent planets within a planetary system are correlated. It is unknown how this 'peas-in-a-pod' phenomenon originates, whether it is in place at birth or requires evolution, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-14 Mélanie Chevance , J. M. Diederik Kruijssen , Steven N. Longmore

The rich diversity of multi-planetary systems and their architectures is greatly contrasted by the uniformity exhibited within many of these systems. Previous studies have shown that compact Kepler systems tend to exhibit a peas-in-a-pod…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-10 Alexandra Muresan , Carina Persson , Malcolm Fridlund

There is evidence that exoplanet systems display intra-system uniformity in mass, radius, and orbital spacing (like ``peas in a pod'') when compared with the system-to-system variations of planetary systems. This has been interpreted as the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-18 Caleb Lammers , Sam Hadden , Norman Murray

Recent works have found evidence of significant intrasystem uniformity in planet properties such as radius, mass, and orbital spacing, collectively termed 'peas in a pod' trends. In particular, correlations in radius and mass have been…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-06 E. Mamonova , Y. Shan , P. Hatalova , S. C. Werner

Previous studies using Kepler data suggest that planets orbiting the same star tend to have similar sizes. However, due to the faintness of the stars, only a few of the planets were also detected with radial velocity follow-ups, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-09 J. F. Otegi , R. Helled , F. Bouchy

(abridged) Observations of exoplanets indicate the existence of several correlations in the architecture of planetary systems. Exoplanets within a system tend to be of similar size and mass, evenly spaced, and are often ordered in size and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-08 Lokesh Mishra , Yann Alibert , Adrien Leleu , Alexandre Emsenhuber , Christoph Mordasini , Remo Burn , Stéphane Udry , Willy Benz

The ubiquity of "peas-in-a-pod" architectural patterns and the existence of the radius valley each present a striking population-level trend for planets with $R_{p} \leq 4 R_{\oplus}$ that serves to place powerful constraints on the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-24 Armaan V. Goyal , Songhu Wang

The widespread prevalence of close-in, nearly coplanar super-Earth- and sub-Neptune-sized planets in multiple-planet systems was one of the most surprising results from the Kepler mission. By studying a uniform sample of Kepler "multis"…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-15 Sarah Millholland , Songhu Wang , Gregory Laughlin

Although the architectures of compact multiple-planet systems are well-characterized, there has been little examination of their "outer edges", or the locations of their outermost planets. Here we present evidence that the observed…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-17 Sarah C. Millholland , Matthias Y. He , Jon K. Zink

We develop a semi-analytical model for computing planetary system formation with the aim of explaining the observed diversity of planetary systems architectures and relate this primordial diversity with the initial properties of the disc…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Yamila Miguel , Octavio M. Guilera , Adrian Brunini

Planets in compact multi-transiting systems tend to exhibit self-similarity with their neighbors, a phenomenon commonly called "peas-in-a-pod". Previous studies have identified that this self-similarity appears independently among…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-04 Quadry Chance , Sarah Ballard

We present a novel, model-independent framework for studying the architecture of an exoplanetary system at the system level. This framework allows us to characterise, quantify, and classify the architecture of an individual planetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-15 Lokesh Mishra , Yann Alibert , Stéphane Udry , Christoph Mordasini

Compact non-resonant systems of sub-Jovian planets are the most common outcome of the planet formation process. Despite exhibiting broad overall diversity, these planets also display dramatic signatures of intra-system uniformity in their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-20 Max Goldberg , Konstantin Batygin

This paper presents a classification framework for the architectures of planetary systems based on a complete survey of the confirmed exoplanet population. With nearly 6000 confirmed exoplanets discovered, including more than 300…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-20 Alex R. Howe , Juliette C. Becker , Christopher C. Stark , Fred C. Adams

Current observations indicate that the planet formation process often produces multiple planet systems with nearly circular orbits, regular spacing, a narrow range of inclination angles, and similar planetary masses of order $m_{\rm…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-10 Fred C. Adams

Planets in binary-star systems exhibit demographic differences compared to planets in single-star systems. In particular, planets with binary-star hosts have a lower overall occurrence rate compared to their single-star counterparts, as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-24 Kendall Sullivan , Gregory J. Gilbert

We present a comprehensive analysis of planetary radii ordering within multi-planet systems, namely their ordinal position with respect to their size in a given system, utilizing data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive. In addition, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-20 Michael Lozovsky , Hagai B. Perets

Planets intermediate in size between the Earth and Neptune, and orbiting closer to their host stars than Mercury does the Sun, are the most common type of planet revealed by exoplanet surveys over the last quarter century. Results from…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-10 Jacob L. Bean , Sean N. Raymond , James E. Owen
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