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Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) measurements are crucial for advanced exploration of the evolutionary history of the lunar orbit, the laws of fundamental gravitational physics, selenophysics and geophysics as well as for future human missions to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-02-23 Sergei Kopeikin

Establishing lunar infrastructure is paramount to long-term habitation on the Moon. To meet the demand for future lunar infrastructure development, we present CraterGrader, a novel system for autonomous robotic earthmoving tasks within…

Exploration of Mars has been made possible using a series of landers, rovers and orbiters. The HiRise camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has captured high-resolution images covering large tracts of the surface. However, orbital…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-18 Adrien Bouskela , Aman Chandra , Jekan Thangavelautham , Sergey Shkarayev

To address the need for robust positioning, navigation, and timing services in lunar environments, this paper proposes a novel fault detection framework for satellite constellations using inter-satellite ranging (ISR). Traditionally,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Keidai Iiyama , Daniel Neamati , Grace Gao

Robots often use feature-based image tracking to identify their position in their surrounding environment; however, feature-based image tracking is prone to errors in low-textured and poorly lit environments. Specifically, we investigate a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Derek Knowles , Adam Dai , Grace Gao

The Moon is a primary focus of space exploration. Current navigation methods face significant limitations in providing precise location data for lunar missions. In particular, existing methods often require direct Line of Sight to Earth,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-07 Tim Gong , Andrew Dempster

The NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has returned petabytes of lunar high spatial resolution surface imagery over the past decade, impractical for humans to fully review manually. Here we develop an automated method using a deep…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-13 Adam Lesnikowski , Valentin T. Bickel , Daniel Angerhausen

In future operations on the lunar surface, automated vehicles will be required to transport cargo between known locations. Such vehicles must be able to navigate precisely in safe regions to avoid natural hazards, human-constructed…

Future lunar missions will depend on an internationally agreed upon timescale that remains accurate under the Moon's unique gravitational environment and its orbital dynamics. This thesis investigates the proposed Lunar Coordinate Time…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-12 Yan Seyffert

Future lunar missions will require autonomous rovers capable of traversing tens of kilometers across challenging terrain while maintaining accurate localization and producing globally consistent maps. However, the absence of global…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Adam Dai , Guillem Casadesus Vila , Grace Gao

Terrain relative navigation can improve the precision of a spacecraft's position estimate by detecting global features that act as supplementary measurements to correct for drift in the inertial navigation system. This paper presents a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Lena M. Downes , Ted J. Steiner , Jonathan P. How

In the future, extraterrestrial expeditions will not only be conducted by rovers but also by flying robots. The technical demonstration drone Ingenuity, that just landed on Mars, will mark the beginning of a new era of exploration…

Lunar laser ranging (LLR) is used to conduct high-precision measurements of ranges between an observatory on Earth and a laser retro-reflector on the lunar surface. Over the years, LLR has benefited from a number of improvements both in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Juergen Mueller , James G. Williams , Slava G. Turyshev

Robotics plays a pivotal role in planetary science and exploration, where autonomous and reliable systems are crucial due to the risks and challenges inherent to space environments. The establishment of permanent lunar bases demands robotic…

Current and future optical technologies will aid exploration of the Moon and Mars while advancing fundamental physics research in the solar system. Technologies and possible improvements in the laser-enabled tests of various physical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Slava G. Turyshev , James G. Williams , Michael Shao , John D. Anderson , Kenneth L. Nordtvedt , Thomas W. Murphy

Accurate localisation in planetary robotics enables the advanced autonomy required to support the increased scale and scope of future missions. The successes of the Ingenuity helicopter and multiple planetary orbiters lay the groundwork for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Lachlan Holden , Feras Dayoub , Alberto Candela , David Harvey , Tat-Jun Chin

Impact craters are formed as a result of continuous impacts on the surface of planetary bodies. This paper proposes a novel way of simultaneously utilizing optical images, digital elevation maps (DEMs), and slope maps for automatic crater…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-17 Atal Tewari , Vinay Verma , Pradeep Srivastava , Vikrant Jain , Nitin Khanna

We consider the problem of rover relocalization in the context of the notional Mars Sample Return campaign. In this campaign, a rover (R1) needs to be capable of autonomously navigating and localizing itself within an area of approximately…

The visual detection and tracking of surface terrain is required for spacecraft to safely land on or navigate within close proximity to celestial objects. Current approaches rely on template matching with pre-gathered patch-based features,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Timothy Chase , Karthik Dantu

The Lunar landing has drawn great interest in lunar exploration in recent years, and autonomous lunar landing navigation is fundamental to this task. AI is expected to play a critical role in autonomous and intelligent space missions, yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Jianing Song , Nabil Aouf , Duarte Rondao , Christophe Honvault , Luis Mansilla