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Programmable optical neural networks (ONNs) can offer high-throughput and energy-efficient solutions for accelerating artificial intelligence (AI) computing. However, existing ONN architectures, typically based on cascaded unitary…

Due to their intrinsic capabilities on parallel signal processing, optical neural networks (ONNs) have attracted extensive interests recently as a potential alternative to electronic artificial neural networks (ANNs) with reduced power…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-05 Yi-Feng Liu , Rui-Yao Ren , Dai-Bao Hou , Hai-Zhong Weng , Bo-Wen Wang , Ke-Jie Huang , Xing Lin , Feng Liu , Chen-Hui Li , Chao-Yuan Jin

Optical neural networks (ONNs) based on programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) offer a promising route toward low-latency and energy-efficient deep learning. However, conventional photonic implementations of matrix-vector…

An optical neural network (ONN) is a promising system due to its high-speed and low-power operation. Its linear unit performs a multiplication of an input vector and a weight matrix in optical analog circuits. Among them, a circuit with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Kazuo Aoyama , Hiroshi Sawada

The ever-increasing data demand craves advancements in high-speed and energy-efficient computing hardware. Analog optical neural network (ONN) processors have emerged as a promising solution, offering benefits in bandwidth and energy…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-07 Chao Luan , Ronald Davis , Zaijun Chen , Dirk Englund , Ryan Hamerly

Having the potential for high speed, high throughput, and low energy cost, optical neural networks (ONNs) have emerged as a promising candidate for accelerating deep learning tasks. In conventional ONNs, light amplitudes are modulated at…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-18 Ruidi Qiu , Amro Eldebiky , Grace Li Zhang , Xunzhao Yin , Cheng Zhuo , Ulf Schlichtmann , Bing Li

Optical neural networks (ONNs) have demonstrated record-breaking potential in high-performance neuromorphic computing due to their ultra-high execution speed and low energy consumption. However, current learning protocols fail to provide…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Jiaqi Gu , Chenghao Feng , Zheng Zhao , Zhoufeng Ying , Ray T. Chen , David Z. Pan

The optical neural network (ONN) is a promising hardware platform for next-generation neuromorphic computing due to its high parallelism, low latency, and low energy consumption. However, previous integrated photonic tensor cores (PTCs)…

Optical neural networks (ONNs) have been developed to enhance processing speed and energy efficiency in machine learning by leveraging optical devices for nonlinear activation and establishing connections among neurons. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Chuanzhou Zhu , Tianyu Wang , Peter L. McMahon , Daniel Soh

Optical Diffraction Neural Networks (DNNs), a subset of Optical Neural Networks (ONNs), show promise in mirroring the prowess of electronic networks. This study introduces the Hybrid Diffraction Neural Network (HDNN), a novel architecture…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are reshaping the field of information processing. With their exponential growth challenging existing electronic hardware, optical neural networks (ONNs) are emerging to process DNN tasks in the optical domain…

Optical neural networks (ONNs) perform extensive computations using photons instead of electrons, resulting in passively energy-efficient and low-latency computing. Among various ONNs, the diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs)…

The optical neural network (ONN) is a promising hardware platform for next-generation neurocomputing due to its high parallelism, low latency, and low energy consumption. Previous ONN architectures are mainly designed for general matrix…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Chenghao Feng , Jiaqi Gu , Hanqing Zhu , Zhoufeng Ying , Zheng Zhao , David Z. Pan , Ray T. Chen

All-optical neural networks (AONNs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for ultrafast and energy-efficient computation. These networks typically consist of multiple serially connected layers between input and output layers--a configuration…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-01 Jianwei Qin , Yanbing Liu , Yan Liu , Xun Liu , Wei Li , Fangwei Ye

Feed-forward, fully-connected Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) or the so-called Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) are well-known universal approximators. However, their learning performance varies significantly depending on the function or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Serkan Kiranyaz , Turker Ince , Alexandros Iosifidis , Moncef Gabbouj

Photonic computing is a computing paradigm which have great potential to overcome the energy bottlenecks of electronic von Neumann architecture. Throughput and power consumption are fundamental limitations of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Saurabh Ranjan , Sonika Thakral , Amit Sehgal

A traditional artificial neural network (ANN) is normally trained slowly by a gradient descent algorithm, such as the backpropagation algorithm, since a large number of hyperparameters of the ANN need to be fine-tuned with many training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Luna M. Zhang

The computational demands of modern AI have spurred interest in optical neural networks (ONNs) which offer the potential benefits of increased speed and lower power consumption. However, current ONNs face various challenges,most…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Xiansong Meng , Deming Kong , Kwangwoong Kim , Qiuchi Li , Po Dong , Ingemar J. Cox , Christina Lioma , Hao Hu

Optical neural networks (ONNs), or optical neuromorphic hardware accelerators, have the potential to dramatically enhance the computing power and energy efficiency of mainstream electronic processors, due to their ultralarge bandwidths of…

Recently, optical neural networks (ONNs) integrated in photonic chips has received extensive attention because they are expected to implement the same pattern recognition tasks in the electronic platforms with high efficiency and low power…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Tian Zhang , Jia Wang , Yihang Dan , Yuxiang Lanqiu , Jian Dai , Xu Han , Xiaojuan Sun , Kun Xu
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