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We consider a quantum version of a well-known statistical decision problem, whose solution is, at first sight, counter-intuitive to many. In the quantum version a continuum of possible choices (rather than a finite set) has to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. M. D'Ariano , R. D. Gill , M. Keyl , B. Kuemmerer , H. Maassen , R. F. Werner

Complex cryptographic protocols are often constructed from simpler building-blocks. In order to advance quantum cryptography, it is important to study practical building-blocks that can be used to develop new protocols. An example is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-15 Juan Miguel Arrazola , Markos Karasamanis , Norbert Lütkenhaus

We study algorithms for solving Subtraction games, which sometimes are referred to as one-heap Nim games. We describe a quantum algorithm which is applicable to any game on DAG, and show that its query compexity for solving an arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-13 Kamil Khadiev , Dmitry Kravchenko

The AB~Game is a game similar to the popular game Mastermind. We study a version of this game called Static Black-Peg AB~Game. It is played by two players, the codemaker and the codebreaker. The codemaker creates a so-called secret by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-11 Gerold Jäger , Frank Drewes

We study lower bounds on the query complexity of determining correlated equilibrium. In particular, we consider a query model in which an n-player game is specified via a black box that returns players' utilities at pure action profiles. In…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-07-15 Yakov Babichenko , Siddharth Barman

We introduce an extension of Mastermind called Clear Mastermind with enhanced feedback inspired by that from Wordle. The only difference between Clear Mastermind and Mastermind is a rule that provides more precise feedback, as found in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-28 Renyuan Li , Shenglong Zhu

We give a tighter lifting theorem for security games in the quantum random oracle model. At the core of our main result lies a novel measure-and-reprogram framework that we call coherent reprogramming. This framework gives a tighter lifting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-15 Alexandru Cojocaru , Juan Garay , Qipeng Liu , Fang Song

This paper studies complexity theoretic aspects of quantum refereed games, which are abstract games between two competing players that send quantum states to a referee, who performs an efficiently implementable joint measurement on the two…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Soumik Ghosh , John Watrous

I consider the natural infinitary variations of the games Wordle and Mastermind, as well as their game-theoretic variations Absurdle and Madstermind, considering these games with infinitely long words and infinite color sequences and…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Joel David Hamkins

This paper studies quantum refereed games, which are quantum interactive proof systems with two competing provers: one that tries to convince the verifier to accept and the other that tries to convince the verifier to reject. We prove that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-10-16 Gus Gutoski , John Watrous

In recent years, reinforcement learning has seen interest because of deep Q-Learning, where the model is a convolutional neural network. Deep Q-Learning has shown promising results in games such as Atari and AlphaGo. Instead of learning the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Anav Mehta

Repeated quantum game theory addresses long term relations among players who choose quantum strategies. In the conventional quantum game theory, single round quantum games or at most finitely repeated games have been widely studied, however…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Kazuki Ikeda , Shoto Aoki

We study a game puzzle that has enjoyed recent popularity among mathematicians, computer scientist, coding theorists and even the mass press. In the game, $n$ players are fitted with randomly assigned colored hats. Individual players can…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-16 Hendrik W. Lenstra , Gadiel Seroussi

Energy parity games are infinite two-player turn-based games played on weighted graphs. The objective of the game combines a (qualitative) parity condition with the (quantitative) requirement that the sum of the weights (i.e., the level of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-04-04 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Laurent Doyen

Quantum guessing games form a versatile framework for studying different tasks of information processing. A quantum guessing game with posterior information uses quantum systems to encode messages and classical communication to give partial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-22 Claudio Carmeli , Teiko Heinosaari , Alessandro Toigo

The number of quantifiers needed to express first-order properties is captured by two-player combinatorial games called multi-structural (MS) games. We play these games on linear orders and strings, and introduce a technique we call…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Marco Carmosino , Ronald Fagin , Neil Immerman , Phokion Kolaitis , Jonathan Lenchner , Rik Sengupta , Ryan Williams

Several problems in planning and reactive synthesis can be reduced to the analysis of two-player quantitative graph games. {\em Optimization} is one form of analysis. We argue that in many cases it may be better to replace the optimization…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Suguman Bansal , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Moshe Y. Vardi

Repeated games are difficult to analyze, especially when agents play mixed strategies. We study one-memory strategies in iterated prisoner's dilemma, then generalize the result to k-memory strategies in repeated games. Our result shows that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Shiheng Wang , Fangzhen Lin

We study the applicability of quantum algorithms in computational game theory and generalize some results related to Subtraction games, which are sometimes referred to as one-heap Nim games. In quantum game theory, a subset of Subtraction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-15 Dmitry Kravchenko , Kamil Khadiev , Danil Serov , Ruslan Kapralov

We consider the problem of maximizing the minimum (weighted) value of all components of a vector over a polymatroid. This is a special case of the lexicographically optimal base problem introduced and solved by Fujishige. We give an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-19 Lisa Hellerstein , Thomas Lidbetter