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The origin of non-classical correlations is difficult to identify since the uncertainty principle requires that information obtained about one observable invariably results in the disturbance of any other non-commuting observable. Here,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-01 Holger F. Hofmann

Classical realism demands that system properties exist independently of whether they are measured, while noncontextuality demands that the results of measurements do not depend on what other measurements are performed in conjunction with…

Fully revealing the mathmatical structure of quantum contextuality is a significant task, while some known contextuality theories are only applicable for rank-1 projectors. That is because they adopt the observable-based definitions. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-17 Songyi Liu , Yongjun Wang , Baoshan Wang , Yunyi Jia

Quantum mechanics has been subject to logical scrutiny since its inception. The behavior of quantum systems, which are fundamentally dissimilar from classical systems, often appears to point to a logical inconsistency in quantum mechanics,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Felipe Dilho Alves , João Carlos Alves Barata

A large literature has grown up around the proposed use of 'weak measurements' (i.e., unsharp measurements followed by post-selection) to allegedly provide information about hidden ontological features of quantum systems. This paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-16 R. E. Kastner

Any realist interpretation of quantum theory must grapple with the measurement problem and the status of state-vector collapse. In a no-collapse approach, measurement is typically modeled as a dynamical process involving decoherence. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-22 Jacob A. Barandes , David Kagan

In this paper we attempt to analyze the physical and philosophical meaning of quantum contextuality. We will argue that there exists a general confusion within the foundational literature arising from the improper "scrambling" of two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-19 Christian de Ronde

In the present paper I show how it is possible to derive the Hilbert space formulation of Quantum Mechanics from a comprehensive definition of "physical experiment" and assuming "experimental accessibility and simplicity" as specified by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano

An operational approach to quantum state reduction, the state change of the measured system caused by a measurement of an observable conditional upon the outcome of measurement, is founded without assuming the projection postulate in any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-04 Masanao Ozawa

Standard quantum mechanics undeniably violates the notion of separability that classical physics accustomed us to consider as valid. By relating the phenomenon of quantum nonseparability to the all-important concept of potentiality, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-25 Vassilios Karakostas

A consistent functional calculus approach to the spectral theorem for strongly commuting normal operators on Hilbert spaces is presented. In contrast to the common approaches using projection-valued measures or multiplication operators,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-09-28 Markus Haase

The collapse of a quantum state can be understood as a mathematical way to construct a joint probability density even for operators that do not commute. We can formalize that construction as a non-commutative, non-associative collapse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-13 Peter Morgan

A characteristical property of a classical physical theory is that the observables are real functions taking an exact outcome on every (pure) state; in a quantum theory, at the contrary, a given observable on a given state can take several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Antonio Cassa

Starting from arbitrary sets of quantum states and measurements, referred to as the prepare-and-measure scenario, an operationally noncontextual ontological model of the quantum statistics associated with the prepare-and-measure scenario is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Victor Gitton , Mischa P. Woods

The notion coexistence of quantum observables was introduced to describe the possibility of measuring two or more observables together. Here we survey the various different formalisations of this notion and their connections. We review…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-04 P. Busch , J. Kiukas , P. Lahti

The core of Heisenberg's heuristic argument for the uncertainty principle, involving the famous $\gamma$-ray microscope $\textit{Gedankenexperiment}$, hinges upon the existence of measurements that irreversibly alter the state of the system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-28 Marco Erba , Paolo Perinotti , Davide Rolino , Alessandro Tosini

We describe an explicitly non-contextual statistical model of hidden variables for the qutrit, which fully reproduces the predictions of quantum mechanics and, thus, bypasses the constraints imposed by the Kochen-Specker theorem and its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-20 David H. Oaknin

Recently, weak measurements have attracted a lot of interest as an experimental method for the investigation of non-classical correlations between observables that cannot be measured jointly. Here, I explain how the complex valued…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-02 Holger F. Hofmann

In his famous thought experiment, Wigner assigns an entangled state to the composite quantum system made up of Wigner's friend and her observed system. While the two of them have different accounts of the process, each Wigner and his friend…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-05 Caslav Brukner

We analyze the validity of Bell and Kochen-Specker theorems under local (or noncontextual) realism but avoiding an assumption of the existence of a joint probability distribution for incompatible observables. We formulate a realist model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-13 Ángel Rivas