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The paper presents an analysis of the main mechanisms of decryption of SSL/TLS traffic. Methods and technologies for detecting malicious activity in encrypted traffic that are used by leading companies are also considered. Also, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Tamara Radivilova , Lyudmyla Kirichenko , Dmytro Ageyev , Maxim Tawalbeh , Vitalii Bulakh

Network traffic classification, a task to classify network traffic and identify its type, is the most fundamental step to improve network services and manage modern networks. Classical machine learning and deep learning method have…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Yao Peng , Meirong He , Yu Wang

Encrypted traffic classification is the task of identifying the application or service associated with encrypted network traffic. One effective approach for this task is to use deep learning methods to encode the raw traffic bytes directly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Wei Peng , Lei Cui , Wei Cai , Zhenquan Ding , Zhiyu Hao , Xiaochun Yun

Traffic classification associates packet streams with known application labels, which is vital for network security and network management. With the rise of NAT, port dynamics, and encrypted traffic, it is increasingly challenging to obtain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Bo Pang , Yongquan Fu , Siyuan Ren , Ye Wang , Qing Liao , Yan Jia

The increasing demand for privacy protection and security considerations leads to a significant rise in the proportion of encrypted network traffic. Since traffic content becomes unrecognizable after encryption, accurate analysis is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Di Zhao , Bo Jiang , Song Liu , Susu Cui , Meng Shen , Dongqi Han , Xingmao Guan , Zhigang Lu

Attackers are perpetually modifying their tactics to avoid detection and frequently leverage legitimate credentials with trusted tools already deployed in a network environment, making it difficult for organizations to proactively identify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Konstantinos Demertzis , Konstantinos Tsiknas , Dimitrios Takezis , Charalabos Skianis , Lazaros Iliadis

With the rapid technological advancements, organizations need to rapidly scale up their information technology (IT) infrastructure viz. hardware, software, and services, at a low cost. However, the dynamic growth in the network services and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Mahmoud Said Elsayed , Nhien-An Le-Khac , Soumyabrata Dev , Anca Delia Jurcut

Internet traffic classification has become more important with rapid growth of current Internet network and online applications. There have been numerous studies on this topic which have led to many different approaches. Most of these…

The adoption of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) as a complementary technology to Operational Technology (OT) has enabled a new level of standardised data access and process visibility. This convergence of Information Technology…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Martin Dobler , Michael Hellwig , Nuno Lopes , Ken Oakley , Mike Winterburn

The growing cybersecurity threats make it essential to use high-quality data to train Machine Learning (ML) models for network traffic analysis, without noisy or missing data. By selecting the most relevant features for cyber-attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-09 João Vitorino , Miguel Silva , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

Over the years, use of smartphones has come to dominate several areas, improving our lives, offering us convenience, and reshaping our daily work circumstances. Beyond traditional use for communication, they are used for many peripheral…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Ashutosh Bhatiaa , Ankit AgrawalaAyush Bahugunaa , Kamlesh Tiwaria , K. Haribabua , Deepak Vishwakarmab

Analysis and prediction of network traffic has applications in wide comprehensive set of areas and has newly attracted significant number of studies. Different kinds of experiments are conducted and summarized to identify various problems…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-07-28 Manish Joshi , Theyazn Hassn Hadi

Machine Learning (ML)-based malicious traffic detection is a promising security paradigm. It outperforms rule-based traditional detection by identifying various advanced attacks. However, the robustness of these ML models is largely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Zixuan Liu , Yi Zhao , Zhuotao Liu , Qi Li , Chuanpu Fu , Guangmeng Zhou , Ke Xu

The design and evaluation of data-driven network intrusion detection methods are currently held back by a lack of adequate data, both in terms of benign and attack traffic. Existing datasets are mostly gathered in isolated lab environments…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Henry Clausen , Robert Flood , David Aspinall

The increasing automation of traffic management systems has made them prime targets for cyberattacks, disrupting urban mobility and public safety. Traditional network-layer defenses are often inaccessible to transportation agencies,…

Cybersecurity is essential, and attacks are rapidly growing and getting more challenging to detect. The traditional Firewall and Intrusion Detection system, even though it is widely used and recommended but it fails to detect new attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Mustafa Sakhai , Maciej Wielgosz

Fine-grained identification of IDS-flagged suspicious traffic is crucial in cybersecurity. In practice, cyber threats evolve continuously, making the discovery of novel malicious traffic a critical necessity as well as the identification of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xiang Luo , Chang Liu , Gang Xiong , Chen Yang , Gaopeng Gou , Yaochen Ren , Zhen Li

Encrypted tunneling protocols are widely used. Beyond business and personal uses, malicious actors also deploy tunneling to hinder the detection of Command and Control and data exfiltration. A common approach to maintain visibility on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Johan Mazel , Matthieu Saudrais , Antoine Hervieu

The detection of malicious websites has become a critical issue in cybersecurity. Therefore, this paper offers a comprehensive review of data-driven methods for detecting malicious websites. Traditional approaches and their limitations are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Zeyuan Hu , Ziang Yuan

The widespread adoption of encrypted communication protocols such as HTTPS and TLS has enhanced data privacy but also rendered traditional anomaly detection techniques less effective, as they often rely on inspecting unencrypted payloads.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Kalindi Singh , Aayush Kashyap , Aswani Kumar Cherukuri