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Related papers: Detecting silent data corruptions in the wild

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Silent Data Corruption (SDC) can have negative impact on large-scale infrastructure services. SDCs are not captured by error reporting mechanisms within a Central Processing Unit (CPU) and hence are not traceable at the hardware level.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Harish Dattatraya Dixit , Sneha Pendharkar , Matt Beadon , Chris Mason , Tejasvi Chakravarthy , Bharath Muthiah , Sriram Sankar

Too many defective compute chips are escaping existing manufacturing tests -- at least an order of magnitude more than industrial targets across all compute chip types in data centers. Silent data corruptions (SDCs) caused by test escapes,…

Silent data corruption (SDC) threatens the reliability of large-scale GPU clusters used for training large language models, yet its rarity and lack of explicit error signals make accurate high-level modeling challenging. To address this…

As the scale of training large language models (LLMs) increases, one emergent failure is silent data corruption (SDC), where hardware produces incorrect computations without explicit failure signals. In this work, we are the first to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jeffrey Ma , Hengzhi Pei , Leonard Lausen , George Karypis

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale in size and complexity, the consequences of failures during training become increasingly severe. A major challenge arises from Silent Data Corruption (SDC): hardware-induced faults that bypass…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Anton Altenbernd , Philipp Wiesner , Odej Kao

Future extreme-scale computer systems may expose silent data corruption (SDC) to applications, in order to save energy or increase performance. However, resilience research struggles to come up with useful abstract programming models for…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2014-01-15 James Elliott , Mark Hoemmen , Frank Mueller

Increasing parallelism and transistor density, along with increasingly tighter energy and peak power constraints, may force exposure of occasionally incorrect computation or storage to application codes. Silent data corruption (SDC) will…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-02-26 James Elliott , Mark Hoemmen , Frank Mueller

High-performance and safety-critical system architects must accurately evaluate the application-level silent data corruption (SDC) rates of processors to soft errors. Such an evaluation requires error propagation all the way from particle…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Siva Kumar Sastry Hari , Paolo Rech , Timothy Tsai , Mark Stephenson , Arslan Zulfiqar , Michael Sullivan , Philip Shirvani , Paul Racunas , Joel Emer , Stephen W. Keckler

Hyperscaler reports of silent data corruptions (SDCs), presumed to be caused by silicon manufacturing defects, have motivated the development of functional tests for detecting defective CPUs. We present ITHICA, an approach for automatically…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ioanna Vavelidou , Subho S. Banerjee , Eric X. Liu , Mike Fuller , Subhasish Mitra , Caroline Trippel

Instruction-level error injection analyses aim to find instructions where errors often lead to unacceptable outcomes like Silent Data Corruptions (SDCs). These analyses require significant time, which is especially problematic if developers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Keyur Joshi , Rahul Singh , Tommaso Bassetto , Sarita Adve , Darko Marinov , Sasa Misailovic

Errors due to hardware or low level software problems, if detected, can be fixed by various schemes, such as recomputation from a checkpoint. Silent errors are errors in application state that have escaped low-level error detection. At…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Austin R. Benson , Sven Schmit , Robert Schreiber

Application developers often place executable assertions -- equipped with program-specific predicates -- in their system, targeting programming errors. However, these detectors can detect data errors resulting from transient hardware faults…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Michael Lenz , Horst Schirmeier

Large-scale LLM training is increasingly susceptible to hardware defects stemming from manufacturing escapes and silicon aging. These defects manifest as Silent Data Corruption (SDC) that perturb gradients and parameters throughout the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Abhishek Tyagi , Saurabh Hukerikar , Nirmal Saxena , Yanxiang Huang , Philip Shirvani , Chung-Hsuan Tung , Yuhao Zhu

Reliability has been a major concern in embedded systems. Higher transistor density and lower voltage supply increase the vulnerability of embedded systems to soft errors. A Single Event Upset (SEU), which is also called a soft error, can…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Bing Xue , Mark Zwolinski

Soft errors are a type of transient digital signal corruption that occurs in digital hardware components such as the internal flip-flops of CPU pipelines, the register file, memory cells, and even internal communication buses. Soft errors…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yousun Ko , Bernd Burgstaller

Silent data corruptions (SDCs) hinder the correctness of long-running scientific applications on large scale computing systems. Selective particle replication (SPR) is proposed herein as the first particle-based replication method for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Aurélien Cavelan , Rubén M. Cabezón , Florina M. Ciorba

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is rapidly emerging as a promising foundation for privacy-preserving cloud services, enabling computation directly on encrypted data. As FHE implementations mature and begin moving toward practical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jianan Mu , Ge Yu , Zhaoxuan Kan , Song Bian , Liang Kong , Zizhen Liu , Cheng Liu , Jing Ye , Huawei Li

In hardware accelerators used in data centers and safety-critical applications, soft errors and resultant silent data corruption significantly compromise reliability, particularly when upsets occur in control-flow operations, leading to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Tomonari Tanaka , Takumi Uezono , Kohei Suenaga , Masanori Hashimoto

The increase in HPC systems size and complexity, together with increasing on-chip transistor density, power limitations, and number of components, render modern HPC systems subject to soft errors. Silent data corruptions (SDCs) are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Aurélien Cavelan , Florina M. Ciorba

Data corruption, including missing and noisy data, poses significant challenges in real-world machine learning. This study investigates the effects of data corruption on model performance and explores strategies to mitigate these effects…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Qi Liu , Wanjing Ma
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