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Related papers: Memorizing Transformers

200 papers

Product key memory (PKM) proposed by Lample et al. (2019) enables to improve prediction accuracy by increasing model capacity efficiently with insignificant computational overhead. However, their empirical application is only limited to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Gyuwan Kim , Tae-Hwan Jung

Memory layers use a trainable key-value lookup mechanism to add extra parameters to a model without increasing FLOPs. Conceptually, sparsely activated memory layers complement compute-heavy dense feed-forward layers, providing dedicated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Vincent-Pierre Berges , Barlas Oğuz , Daniel Haziza , Wen-tau Yih , Luke Zettlemoyer , Gargi Ghosh

Language models are essential for natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such as machine translation and text summarization. Remarkable performance has been demonstrated recently across many NLP domains via a Transformer-based language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Qian Yang , Zhouyuan Huo , Wenlin Wang , Heng Huang , Lawrence Carin

Why do modern language models, trained to do well on next-word prediction, appear to generate coherent documents and capture long-range structure? Here we show that next-token prediction is provably powerful for learning longer-range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xinyuan Cao , Santosh S. Vempala

Pretraining language models directly on web-scale corpora is the de facto paradigm. We study an alternative where the model is initially exposed to abstract structured data to ease the subsequent acquisition of rich semantic knowledge, much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Liangze Jiang , Zachary Shinnick , Anton van den Hengel , Hemanth Saratchandran , Damien Teney

State-of-the-art performance on language understanding tasks is now achieved with increasingly large networks; the current record holder has billions of parameters. Given a language model pre-trained on massive unlabeled text corpora, only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Evani Radiya-Dixit , Xin Wang

Transformers lack an explicit architectural mechanism for storing and organizing knowledge acquired during training. We introduce learnable sparse memory banks: a set of latent tokens, randomly initialized and trained end-to-end, that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tasmay Pankaj Tibrewal , Pritish Saha , Ankit Meda , Kunal Singh , Pradeep Moturi

We investigate the extent to which modern, neural language models are susceptible to structural priming, the phenomenon whereby the structure of a sentence makes the same structure more probable in a follow-up sentence. We explore how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Arabella Sinclair , Jaap Jumelet , Willem Zuidema , Raquel Fernández

Using more test-time computation during language model inference, such as generating more intermediate thoughts or sampling multiple candidate answers, has proven effective in significantly improving model performance. This paper takes an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xingwu Chen , Miao Lu , Beining Wu , Difan Zou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the capacity to store and recall facts. Through experimentation with open-source models, we observe that this ability to retrieve facts can be easily manipulated by changing contexts, even without altering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Yibo Jiang , Goutham Rajendran , Pradeep Ravikumar , Bryon Aragam

We describe a new class of learning models called memory networks. Memory networks reason with inference components combined with a long-term memory component; they learn how to use these jointly. The long-term memory can be read and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-12-01 Jason Weston , Sumit Chopra , Antoine Bordes

Recent work has shown that language models can self-improve by maximizing their own confidence in their predictions, without relying on external verifiers or reward signals. In this work, we study the test-time scaling of language models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Matthias Otth , Jonas Hübotter , Ido Hakimi , Andreas Krause

Recent work on the Retrieval-Enhanced Transformer (RETRO) model has shown that off-loading memory from trainable weights to a retrieval database can significantly improve language modeling and match the performance of non-retrieval models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Tobias Norlund , Ehsan Doostmohammadi , Richard Johansson , Marco Kuhlmann

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly ubiquitous, yet their ability to retain and reason about temporal information remains limited, hindering their application in real-world scenarios where understanding the sequential nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Himanshu Beniwal , Dishant Patel , Kowsik Nandagopan D , Hritik Ladia , Ankit Yadav , Mayank Singh

Recurrent neural networks have been very successful at predicting sequences of words in tasks such as language modeling. However, all such models are based on the conventional classification framework, where the model is trained against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Hakan Inan , Khashayar Khosravi , Richard Socher

Despite serving as the foundation models for a wide range of NLP benchmarks, pre-trained language models have shown limited capabilities of acquiring implicit commonsense knowledge from self-supervision alone, compared to learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Wangchunshu Zhou , Ronan Le Bras , Yejin Choi

Transformers excel through content-addressable retrieval and the ability to exploit contexts of, in principle, unbounded length. We recast associative memory at the level of probability measures, treating a context as a distribution over…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Ryotaro Kawata , Taiji Suzuki

The integration of language models for neural machine translation has been extensively studied in the past. It has been shown that an external language model, trained on additional target-side monolingual data, can help improve translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Christian Herold , Yingbo Gao , Mohammad Zeineldeen , Hermann Ney

Recently, continuous cache models were proposed as extensions to recurrent neural network language models, to adapt their predictions to local changes in the data distribution. These models only capture the local context, of up to a few…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Edouard Grave , Moustapha Cisse , Armand Joulin

Despite the increasing prevalence of large language models (LLMs), we still have a limited understanding of how their representational spaces are structured. This limits our ability to interpret how and what they learn or relate them to…