Related papers: Probing confinement in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice ga…
It is widely anticipated that a large-scale quantum computer will offer an evermore accurate simulation of nature, opening the floodgates for exciting scientific breakthroughs and technological innovations. Here, we show a complete,…
Compact U(1) lattice gauge theory in four dimensions is studied by means of an efficient algorithm which exploits the duality transformation properties of the model. We focus our attention onto the confining regime, considering the…
Confinement is a ubiquitous mechanism in nature, whereby particles feel an attractive force that increases without bound as they separate. A prominent example is color confinement in particle physics, in which baryons and mesons are…
Simulations of lattice gauge theories on noisy quantum hardware inherently suffer from violations of the gauge symmetry due to coherent and incoherent errors of the underlying physical system that implements the simulation. These gauge…
Tensor network algorithms provide a suitable route for tackling real-time dependent problems in lattice gauge theories, enabling the investigation of out-of-equilibrium dynamics. We analyze a U(1) lattice gauge theory in (1+1) dimensions in…
We show that the four-dimensional U(1) gauge theory in the continuum formulation has a confining phase (exhibiting area law of the Wilson loop) in the strong coupling region above a critical coupling $g_c$. This result is obtained by taking…
Scalar lattice gauge theories are models for scalar fields with local gauge symmetries. No fundamental gauge fields, or link variables in a lattice regularization, are introduced. The latter rather emerge as collective excitations composed…
Gauge theories represent a fundamental framework underlying modern physics, constituting the basis of the Standard Model and also providing useful descriptions of various phenomena in condensed matter. Realizing gauge theories on accessible…
One of the most fundamental questions we can ask about a given gauge theory is its phase diagram. In the standard model, we observe three fundamentally different types of behavior: QCD is in a confined phase at zero temperature, while the…
A major driver of quantum-simulator technology is the prospect of probing high-energy phenomena in synthetic quantum matter setups at a high level of control and tunability. Here, we propose an experimentally feasible realization of a…
Quantum computers have the potential to explore the vast Hilbert space of entangled states that play an important role in the behavior of strongly interacting matter. This opportunity motivates reconsidering the Hamiltonian formulation of…
We review our efforts in investigating gauge theories with fermions in the adjoint representation of the gauge group by means of numerical simulations. These theories have applications in possible extensions of the Standard Model of…
Quantum simulation of the dynamics of a lattice gauge theory demands imposing on-site constraints. Ideally, the dynamics remain confined within the physical Hilbert space, where all the states satisfy those constraints. For non-Abelian…
Understanding the non-equilibrium dynamics of gauge theories remains a fundamental challenge in high-energy physics. Indeed, most large scale experiments on gauge theories intrinsically rely on very far-from equilibrium dynamics, from…
Over the recent years, the relatively young field of quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories - aiming at implementing simulators of gauge theories with quantum platforms, has gone through a rapid development process. It is now of…
Confinement of quarks due to the strong interaction and the deconfinement at high temperatures and high densities are a basic paradigm for understanding the nuclear matter. Their simulation, however, is very challenging for classical…
We develop a mathematical framework for the quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories using gauge-invariant packaged quantum states \cite{Ma2017,Ma2025}. In this formalism, every single excitation transforms as a complete…
Confinement and string breaking are two fundamental phenomena in gauge theories. Signatures of both are currently pursued in quantum-simulator experiments, opening a new angle on strongly interacting dynamics of gauge fields out of…
Gauge theories are of paramount importance in our understanding of fundamental constituents of matter and their interactions. However, the complete characterization of their phase diagrams and the full understanding of non-perturbative…
A key objective in nuclear and high-energy physics is to describe nonequilibrium dynamics of matter, e.g., in the early universe and in particle colliders, starting from the Standard Model. Classical-computing methods, via the framework of…