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Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) is a standard NP-hard optimization problem. Recently, it has gained renewed interest through quantum computing, as QUBOs directly reduce to the Ising model, on which quantum annealing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Katalin Friedl , Levente Gegő , László Kabódi , Viktória Nemkin

In the field of quantum computing, combinatorial optimization problems are typically addressed using QUBO (Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization) solvers. However, these solvers are often insufficient for tackling higher-order…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-24 Yuichiro Minato

Today, hardware constraints are an important limitation on quantum adiabatic optimization algorithms. Firstly, computational problems must be formulated as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) in the presence of noisy coupling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-06 Andrew Lucas

Quantum approaches to combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are often limited by the resource demands of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) encodings, which enlarge circuits through penalty terms and increase qubit and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Frederik Koch , Shahram Panahiyan , Rick Mukherjee , Joseph Doetsch , Dieter Jaksch

We introduce universal, easy-to-reproduce generative models for the QUBO instances to differentiate the performance of the hardware/solvers effectively. Our benchmark process extends the well-known Hebb's rule of associative memory with the…

Computation · Statistics 2024-04-03 Nikita Stroev , Natalia G. Berloff , Nir Davidson

The advent of quantum computing processors with possibility to scale beyond experimental capacities magnifies the importance of studying their applications. Combinatorial optimization problems can be one of the promising applications of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-18 Ehsan Zahedinejad , Arman Zaribafiyan

The increasing complexity of industrial scheduling and transport routing problems motivates the study of alternative optimization formulations and computational paradigms. In this work, we study how higher-order unconstrained binary…

We introduce a novel Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) formulation method for spanning tree problems. Instead of encoding the presence of edges in the tree individually, we opt to encode spanning trees as a permutation…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Ivan Carvalho

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) is a general-purpose modeling framework for combinatorial optimization problems and is a requirement for quantum annealers. This paper utilizes the eigenvalue decomposition of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-22 Amit Verma , Mark Lewis

Many artificial intelligence (AI) problems naturally map to NP-hard optimization problems. This has the interesting consequence that enabling human-level capability in machines often requires systems that can handle formally intractable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Hartmut Neven , Geordie Rose , William G. Macready

In machine learning, fewer features reduce model complexity. Carefully assessing the influence of each input feature on the model quality is therefore a crucial preprocessing step. We propose a novel feature selection algorithm based on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-22 Sascha Mücke , Raoul Heese , Sabine Müller , Moritz Wolter , Nico Piatkowski

Current hardware limitations restrict the potential when solving quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems via the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) or quantum annealing (QA). Thus, we consider training…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-30 Thomas Gabor , Sebastian Feld , Hila Safi , Thomy Phan , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Many applications in automated auditing and the analysis and consistency check of financial documents can be formulated in part as the subset sum problem: Given a set of numbers and a target sum, find the subset of numbers that sums up to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-07 David Biesner , Thore Gerlach , Christian Bauckhage , Bernd Kliem , Rafet Sifa

We present a number of quantum computing patterns that build on top of fundamental algorithms, that can be applied to solving concrete, NP-hard problems. In particular, we introduce the concept of a quantum dictionary as a summation of…

This paper proposes an extension of regression trees by quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO). Regression trees are very popular prediction models that are trainable with tabular datasets, but their accuracy is insufficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Koichiro Yawata , Yoshihiro Osakabe , Takuya Okuyama , Akinori Asahara

Quantum Annealing (QA) can efficiently solve combinatorial optimization problems whose objective functions are represented by Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) formulations. For broader applicability of QA, quadratization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Hyakka Nakada , Shu Tanaka

In this paper, we propose a hybrid framework to solve large-scale permutation-based combinatorial problems effectively using a high-performance quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) solver. To do so, transformations are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-07 Siong Thye Goh , Sabrish Gopalakrishnan , Jianyuan Bo , Hoong Chuin Lau

Quantum computing and modern tensor-based computing have a strong connection, which is especially demonstrated by simulating quantum computations with tensor networks. The other direction is less studied: quantum computing is not often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Valter Uotila

Tree-based regression models are widely used in supervised learning, with the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm serving as a standard reference. CART construction involves solving a sequence of split-selection optimization…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-08 Iro René Kouarfate , Maxime Dion , Anne MacKay , Mathieu Pigeon

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) is a broad class of optimization problems with many practical applications. To solve its hard instances in an exact way, known classical algorithms require exponential time and several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-21 Gian Giacomo Guerreschi
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