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Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) - the practice of developing, evaluating, and maintaining accurate AI systems that also exhibit essential properties such as robustness and explainability - represents a multifaceted challenge that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Ryan Soklaski , Justin Goodwin , Olivia Brown , Michael Yee , Jason Matterer

This paper identifies and tackles the challenges of the requirements engineering discipline when applied to development of AI-based complex systems. Due to their complex behaviour, there is an immanent need for a tailored development…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Hrvoje Belani , Marin Vuković , Željka Car

We review key considerations, practices, and areas for future work aimed at the responsible development and fielding of AI technologies. We describe critical challenges and make recommendations on topics that should be given priority…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Eric Horvitz , Jessica Young , Rama G. Elluru , Chuck Howell

AI progress is creating a growing range of risks and opportunities, but it is often unclear how they should be navigated. In many cases, the barriers and uncertainties faced are at least partly technical. Technical AI governance, referring…

As the possibilities for Artificial Intelligence (AI) have grown, so have concerns regarding its impacts on society and the environment. However, these issues are often raised separately; i.e. carbon footprint analyses of AI models…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Alexandra Sasha Luccioni , Giada Pistilli , Raesetje Sefala , Nyalleng Moorosi

Responsible Artificial Intelligence (RAI) is a combination of ethics associated with the usage of artificial intelligence aligned with the common and standard frameworks. This survey paper extensively discusses the global and national…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Thippa Reddy Gadekallu , Kapal Dev , Sunder Ali Khowaja , Weizheng Wang , Hailin Feng , Kai Fang , Sharnil Pandya , Wei Wang

Context: Responsibility gaps, long-recognized challenges in socio-technical systems where accountability becomes diffuse or ambiguous, have become increasingly pronounced in GenAI-enabled software. The generative and adaptive nature…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zhenyu Mao , Jacky Keung , Yicheng Sun , Yifei Wang , Shuo Liu , Jialong Li

Responsible design of AI systems is a shared goal across HCI and AI communities. Responsible AI (RAI) tools have been developed to support practitioners to identify, assess, and mitigate ethical issues during AI development. These tools…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Glen Berman , Nitesh Goyal , Michael Madaio

Recent research suggests that it may be possible to build conscious AI systems now or in the near future. Conscious AI systems would arguably deserve moral consideration, and it may be the case that large numbers of conscious systems could…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Patrick Butlin , Theodoros Lappas

With Artificial intelligence (AI) to aid or automate decision-making advancing rapidly, a particular concern is its fairness. In order to create reliable, safe and trustworthy systems through human-centred artificial intelligence (HCAI)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Yuri Nakao , Lorenzo Strappelli , Simone Stumpf , Aisha Naseer , Daniele Regoli , Giulia Del Gamba

The discourse on responsible artificial intelligence (AI) regulation is understandably dominated by risk-focused assessments and analyses. This approach reflects the fundamental uncertainty policymakers face when determining appropriate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Willem Fourie

Recently, a lot of attention has been given to undesired consequences of Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as unfair bias leading to discrimination, or the lack of explanations of the results of AI systems. There are several important…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Richard Benjamins , Alberto Barbado , Daniel Sierra

Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly deployed in domains that shape human behaviour, institutional decision-making, and societal outcomes. Existing responsible AI and governance efforts provide important normative principles but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Otman A. Basir

The range of application of artificial intelligence (AI) is vast, as is the potential for harm. Growing awareness of potential risks from AI systems has spurred action to address those risks, while eroding confidence in AI systems and the…

This article offers several contributions to the interdisciplinary project of responsible research and innovation in data science and AI. First, it provides a critical analysis of current efforts to establish practical mechanisms for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Christopher Burr , David Leslie

The rapidly advancing domain of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has sparked significant interests in developing techniques to make AI systems more transparent and understandable. Nevertheless, in real-world contexts, the methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Yulu Pi

We review practical challenges in building and deploying ethical AI at the scale of contemporary industrial and societal uses. Apart from the purely technical concerns that are the usual focus of academic research, the operational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Jiahao Chen , Victor Storchan , Eren Kurshan

The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and, in particular, the Machine Learning area, counts on a wide range of performance metrics and benchmark data sets to assess the problem-solving effectiveness of its solutions. However, the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Teresa Scantamburlo , Atia Cortés , Marie Schacht

Software engineering increasingly involves making high-stakes decisions under uncertainty, using signals from code, field data, and socio-technical processes. Recent AI-driven support (e.g., anomaly detection, predictive analytics, AIOps,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Roberto Pietrantuono , Luca Giamattei , Stefano Russo , Julien Siebert , Neil Walkinshaw

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in high-risk, decision-making scenarios presents technical, safety, and normative challenges; problems that may only be ameliorated by human oversight. However, notions of human oversight lack a…