Related papers: The challenge of measuring and mapping the missing…
Dwarf galaxies in groups of galaxies provide excellent test cases for models of structure formation. This led to a so-called small-scale crisis, including the famous missing satellite and too-big-to-fail problems. It was suggested that…
Fast radio bursts appear to be cosmological signals whose frequency-time structure provides a dispersion measure. The dispersion measure is a convolution of the cosmic distance element and the electron density, and contains the possibility…
I discuss and illustrate the development of large-scale structure in the Universe, emphasising in particular the physical processes and cosmological parameters that most influence the observationally accessible aspects of structure at large…
The accelerating expansion of the universe presents an exciting, fundamental challenge to the standard models of particle physics and cosmology. I highlight some of the outstanding challenges in both developing theoretical models and…
As the nodes of the cosmic web, clusters of galaxies trace the large-scale distribution of matter in the Universe. They are thus privileged sites in which to investigate the complex physics of structure formation. However, the complete…
The comparison of cosmic abundances of the light elements with the density of baryonic stars and gas in the universe today provides a critical test of big bang theory and a powerful probe of the nature of dark matter. A new technique allows…
The origin of the high-energy gamma-ray emission from the Milky Way center is still unclear and debated because of the impact of systematics afflicting the measurements from current experiments. Several theories and phenomenological models…
I describe two difficulties with current research into the cosmic evolution of BL Lacertae Objects: (1). Possible sample incompleteness due to unrecognized (i.e., ``hidden'') BL Lacs; and (2). The absence of a viable physical model of the…
Supernovae play a large but poorly understood role in our attempts to explain the evolution of the baryonic universe. Numerous observations throughout astronomy cannot be explained if we neglect their influence, yet our quantitative…
The scenario consistent with a wealth of observations for the missing mass problem is that of weakly interacting dark matter particles. However, arguments or proposals for a Newtonian or relativistic modified gravity scenario continue to be…
Rotating and oscillating neutron stars can give rise to long-lived Continuous Gravitational Waves (CGWs). Despite many years of searching, the detection of such a CGW signal remains elusive. In this article we describe the main…
One of the unsolved problems in cosmic ray (CR) physics is the small radial gradient of the gamma-ray intensity compared to the inferred CR source distribution in the Galactic disk. In diffusive CR propagation models the most natural…
Brown dwarfs, stars with insufficient mass to burn hydrogen, could contribute to the dark matter in the Galactic disk, galactic halos or even a background critical density. We consider the detectability of such brown dwarfs in various…
Cosmology and particle physics are deeply interrelated. Among the common problems are dark energy, dark matter and baryon asymmetry of the Universe. We discuss these problems in general terms, and concentrate on several particular…
A method is proposed for deriving the dispersion measure (related to the line-of-sight integrated free electron density) to high-redshift, powerful synchrotron radio sources by analysis of the temporal/spectral properties of the recorded…
Fast Radio Bursts (hereafter FRBs) can be used in cosmology by studying the Dispersion Measure (hereafter DM) as a function of redshift. The large scale structure of matter distribution is regarded as a major error budget for such…
We propose a new method to estimate cosmological parameters using the baryon fraction of clusters of galaxies for a range of redshifts. The basic assumption is that the baryon fraction of clusters is constant, which is a reasonable…
The formation and evolution of the Milky Way's disc, bar, and bulge remain fundamentally limited by the lack of a contiguous, Galaxy-wide, high-precision chemo-dynamical map. Key open questions - including the survival or destruction of the…
I review at the non-specialist level recent progress in the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, covering the following areas: (1) Results from recently completed or ongoing redshift surveys of galaxies and X-ray clusters;…
Almost a third of the cosmic baryons are "missing" at low redshifts, as they reside in the invisible warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). The thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect, which measures the line-of-sight integral of the plasma…