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Quantum key distribution (QKD) guarantees the secure communication between legitimate parties with quantum mechanics. High-dimensional QKD (HDQKD) not only increases the secret key rate but also tolerates higher quantum bit error rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-06 Fang-Xiang Wang , Wei Chen , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Shuang Wang , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Coherent one-way quantum key distribution (COW-QKD) has been widely investigated, and even been deployed in real-world quantum network. However, the proposal of the zero-error attack has critically undermined its security guarantees, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Xiao-Yu Cao , Xiao-Ran Sun , Ming-Yang Li , Yu-Shuo Lu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

We present a continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol combining a discrete modulation and reverse reconciliation. This protocol is proven unconditionally secure and allows the distribution of secret keys over long distances,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-15 Anthony Leverrier , Philippe Grangier

We propose an improved two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) protocol by adding proper random noise on the receiver's homodyne detection, the security of which is analysed against general collective attacks. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-07 Maozhu Sun , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), utilizes continuous variables encoding such as the quadra-ture components of the quantized electromagnetic field and coherent detection decoding, offering good compatibility with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Pu Wang , Yan Tian , Yongmin Li

In the evolving landscape of quantum technology, the increasing prominence of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the security of conventional public key infrastructure. Quantum key distribution (QKD), an established quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Kaiwei Qiu , Jing Yan Haw , Hao Qin , Nelly H. Y. Ng , Michael Kasper , Alexander Ling

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers an unconditionally secure means of communication based on the laws of quantum mechanics. Currently, a major challenge is to achieve a QKD system with a 40 dB channel loss, which is required if we are to…

We investigate the composable security of unidimensional contin- uous variable quantum key distribution (UCVQKD), which is based on the Gaussian modulation of a single quadrature of the coherent-state of light, aiming to provide a simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-08 Qin Liao , Ying Guo , Cailang Xie , Duang Huang , Peng Huang , Guihua Zeng

We propose a schematic setup of quantum key distribution (QKD) with an improved secret key rate based on high-dimensional quantum states. Two degrees-of-freedom of a single photon, orbital angular momentum modes, and multi-path modes, are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-29 Yonggi Jo , Hee Su Park , Seung-Woo Lee , Wonmin Son

There exist several initiatives worldwide to deploy quantum key distribution (QKD) over existing fibre networks and achieve quantum-safe security at large scales. To understand the overall QKD network performance, it is required to…

We develop a method to connect the infinite-dimensional description of optical continuous-variable quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols to a finite-dimensional formulation. The secure key rates of the optical QKD protocols can then be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-26 Twesh Upadhyaya , Thomas van Himbeeck , Jie Lin , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum key distribution (QKD) holds the potential to establish secure keys over long distances. The distance of point-to-point QKD secure key distribution is primarily impeded by the transmission loss inherent to the channel. In the quest…

Quantum continuous variables are being explored as an alternative means to implement quantum key distribution, which is usually based on single photon counting. The former approach is potentially advantageous because it should enable higher…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 F. Grosshans , G. Van Assche , J. Wenger , R. Brouri , N. J. Cerf , Ph. Grangier

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) schemes are key exchange protocols based on the physical properties of quantum channels. They avoid the computational-hardness assumptions that underlie the security of classical key exchange.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Arpan Akash Ray , Boris Skoric

We propose a continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI QKD) protocol, in which detection is conducted by an untrusted third party. Our protocol can defend all detector side channels, which seriously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-13 Zhengyu Li , Yi-Chen Zhang , Feihu Xu , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) at large distances has such high noise levels that the error-correcting code must have very low rate. In this regime it becomes feasible to implement random-codebook error correction,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Arpan Akash Ray , Boris Skoric

Discretely-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is more suitable for long-distance transmission compared with its Gaussian-modulated CVQKD counterpart. However, its security can only be guaranteed when modulation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 Qin Liao , Hai Zhong , Ying Guo

In comparison to conventional discrete-variable (DV) quantum key distribution (QKD), continuous-variable (CV) QKD with homodyne/heterodyne measurements has distinct advantages of lower-cost implementation and affinity to wavelength division…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-18 Takaya Matsuura , Kento Maeda , Toshihiko Sasaki , Masato Koashi

We present a continuous variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme based on the CV quantum teleportation of coherent states that yields a raw secret key made up of discrete variables for both Alice and Bob. This protocol preserves…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-31 F. S. Luiz , Gustavo Rigolin

Non-Gaussian operations have been studied intensively in recent years due to their ability to increase the secret key rate for certain CV-QKD protocols. However, most previous studies on such protocols are carried out in a single-mode…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-08 Mingjian He , Robert Malaney , Jonathan Green