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Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have been the de facto paradigm for most natural language processing (NLP) tasks. This also benefits biomedical domain: researchers from informatics, medicine, and computer science (CS) communities propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Benyou Wang , Qianqian Xie , Jiahuan Pei , Zhihong Chen , Prayag Tiwari , Zhao Li , Jie fu

Artificial intelligence (AI) for software engineering (SE) tasks has recently achieved promising performance. In this paper, we investigate to what extent the pre-trained language model truly understands those SE tasks such as code search,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Yao Li , Tao Zhang , Xiapu Luo , Haipeng Cai , Sen Fang , Dawei Yuan

State of the art large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on a variety of benchmark tasks and are increasingly used as components in larger applications, where LLM-based predictions serve as proxies for human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Michael Franke , Polina Tsvilodub , Fausto Carcassi

Particularly in low-data regimes, an outstanding challenge in machine learning is developing principled techniques for augmenting our models with suitable priors. This is to encourage them to learn in ways that are compatible with our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Kristy Choi , Chris Cundy , Sanjari Srivastava , Stefano Ermon

Language models (LMs) trained on vast quantities of text data can acquire sophisticated skills such as generating summaries, answering questions or generating code. However, they also manifest behaviors that violate human preferences, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Tomasz Korbak

Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on natural language understanding (NLU) tasks through fine-tuning. However, fine-tuned models still suffer from overconfident predictions, especially in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Guande He , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are huge artificial neural networks which primarily serve to generate text, but also provide a very sophisticated probabilistic model of language use. Since generating a semantically consistent text requires a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Romuald A. Janik

With the increasing interest in using large language models (LLMs) for planning in natural language, understanding their behaviors becomes an important research question. This work conducts a systematic investigation of LLMs' ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yixuan Wang , Freda Shi

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) which are trained on large text corpus via self-supervised learning method, have yielded promising performance on various tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP). However, though PLMs with huge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Linmei Hu , Zeyi Liu , Ziwang Zhao , Lei Hou , Liqiang Nie , Juanzi Li

When we read, we make predictions about upcoming words; these predictions influence our reading behavior. The success of large language models (LLMs), which, like humans, make predictions about upcoming words, has motivated their use as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Byung-Doh Oh , Tal Linzen

With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), recent studies have drawn attention to their potential for handling not only simple question-answer tasks but also more complex conversational abilities and performing human-like…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mingyu Jeon , Jaeyoung Suh , Suwan Cho , Dohyeon Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) are capable of displaying a wide range of abilities that are not directly connected with the task for which they are trained: predicting the next words of human-written texts. In this article, I review recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Stefano Nolfi

A prominent achievement of natural language processing (NLP) is its ability to understand and generate meaningful human language. This capability relies on complex feedforward transformer block architectures pre-trained on large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Ronit D. Gross , Yarden Tzach , Tal Halevi , Ella Koresh , Ido Kanter

Evaluating reasoning ability in Large Language Models (LLMs) is important for advancing artificial intelligence, as it transcends mere linguistic task performance. It involves understanding whether these models truly understand information,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Benjamin Grando Moreira

The recent surge of versatile large language models (LLMs) largely depends on aligning increasingly capable foundation models with human intentions by preference learning, enhancing LLMs with excellent applicability and effectiveness in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Ruili Jiang , Kehai Chen , Xuefeng Bai , Zhixuan He , Juntao Li , Muyun Yang , Tiejun Zhao , Liqiang Nie , Min Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are recruited in applications that span from clinical assistance and legal support to question answering and education. Their success in specialized tasks has led to the claim that they possess human-like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Vittoria Dentella , Fritz Guenther , Elliot Murphy , Gary Marcus , Evelina Leivada

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit increasingly sophisticated linguistic capabilities, yet the extent to which these behaviors reflect human-like cognition versus advanced pattern recognition remains an open question. In this study, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Karin de Langis , Jong Inn Park , Andreas Schramm , Bin Hu , Khanh Chi Le , Michael Mensink , Ahn Thu Tong , Dongyeop Kang

Motivated by the remarkable progress of large language models (LLMs) in objective tasks like mathematics and coding, there is growing interest in their potential to simulate human behavior--a capability with profound implications for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yuxuan Lei , Tianfu Wang , Jianxun Lian , Zhengyu Hu , Defu Lian , Xing Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs), typified by OpenAI's GPT, have marked a significant advancement in artificial intelligence. Trained on vast amounts of text data, LLMs are capable of understanding and generating human-like text across a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Haochen Zhang , Yuyang Dong , Chuan Xiao , Masafumi Oyamada

Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) relies on the powerful LLM to perform multimodal tasks, showing amazing emergent abilities in recent studies, such as writing poems based on an image. However, it is difficult for these case studies to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Chaoyou Fu , Peixian Chen , Yunhang Shen , Yulei Qin , Mengdan Zhang , Xu Lin , Jinrui Yang , Xiawu Zheng , Ke Li , Xing Sun , Yunsheng Wu , Rongrong Ji , Caifeng Shan , Ran He
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