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In recent years, the field of Natural Language Generation (NLG) has been boosted by the recent advances in deep learning technologies. Nonetheless, these new data-intensive methods introduce language-dependent disparities in NLG as the main…

Log statements capture critical information for software maintenance activities such as testing, debugging, and failure analysis. Because of this importance, developers must carefully design log statements, which requires significant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Kazuki Kusama , Honglin Shu , Masanari Kondo , Yasutaka Kamei

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on assisting humans in programming and facilitating programming automation. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating the code understanding and generation capacities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Weixiang Yan , Haitian Liu , Yunkun Wang , Yunzhe Li , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Tingyu Lin , Weishan Zhao , Li Zhu , Hari Sundaram , Shuiguang Deng

Java Code Generation consists in generating automatically Java code from a Natural Language Text. This NLP task helps in increasing programmers' productivity by providing them with immediate solutions to the simplest and most repetitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Jessica López Espejel , Mahaman Sanoussi Yahaya Alassan , El Mehdi Chouham , Walid Dahhane , El Hassane Ettifouri

The world's 7,000+ languages vary widely in the availability of resources for NLP, motivating efforts to systematically categorize them by their degree of resourcefulness (Joshi et al., 2020). A similar disparity exists among programming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Nishat Raihan , Christian Newman , Marcos Zampieri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered remarkable advancements across diverse code-related tasks, known as Code LLMs, particularly in code generation that generates source code with LLM from natural language descriptions. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Juyong Jiang , Fan Wang , Jiasi Shen , Sungju Kim , Sunghun Kim

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly embedded in software engineering workflows, a critical capability remains underexplored: generating correct code that enables cross-programming-language (CPL) interoperability. This skill…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Zhanhang Xiong , Dongxia Wang , Yuekang Li , Xinyuan An , Wenhai Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains, with code generation emerging as a key area of focus. While numerous benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate their code generation abilities,…

While the NLP community is generally aware of resource disparities among languages, we lack research that quantifies the extent and types of such disparity. Prior surveys estimating the availability of resources based on the number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Xinyan Velocity Yu , Akari Asai , Trina Chatterjee , Junjie Hu , Eunsol Choi

Recent work shows Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to understand natural language constraints for various text generation tasks in zero- and few-shot settings. While, in the code domain, there is wide usage of constraints in code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Mehant Kammakomati , Sameer Pimparkhede , Srikanth Tamilselvam , Prince Kumar , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Software engineers working with the same programming language (PL) may speak different natural languages (NLs) and vice versa, erecting huge barriers to communication and working efficiency. Recent studies have demonstrated the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Yekun Chai , Shuohuan Wang , Chao Pang , Yu Sun , Hao Tian , Hua Wu

Benchmark datasets have a significant impact on accelerating research in programming language tasks. In this paper, we introduce CodeXGLUE, a benchmark dataset to foster machine learning research for program understanding and generation.…

Translating source code from one programming language to another is a critical, time-consuming task in modernizing legacy applications and codebases. Recent work in this space has drawn inspiration from the software naturalness hypothesis…

Natural Language Processing systems are heavily dependent on the availability of annotated data to train practical models. Primarily, models are trained on English datasets. In recent times, significant advances have been made in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Ankit Kumar Upadhyay , Harsit Kumar Upadhya

Recently, a number of repository-level code generation benchmarks-such as CoderEval, DevEval, RepoEval, RepoBench, and LongCodeArena-have emerged to evaluate the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) beyond standalone benchmarks like…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Shanchao Liang , Yiran Hu , Nan Jiang , Lin Tan

Statistical language modeling techniques have successfully been applied to large source code corpora, yielding a variety of new software development tools, such as tools for code suggestion, improving readability, and API migration. A major…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Rafael-Michael Karampatsis , Hlib Babii , Romain Robbes , Charles Sutton , Andrea Janes

In the past few years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded in usefulness and popularity for code generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with accuracy and are unsuitable for high-risk applications without additional oversight…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-29 William Murphy , Nikolaus Holzer , Feitong Qiao , Leyi Cui , Raven Rothkopf , Nathan Koenig , Mark Santolucito

Language models (LMs) built upon deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently demonstrated breakthrough effectiveness in software engineering tasks such as code generation, completion, and repair. This has paved the way for the emergence of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Jingzhi Gong , Vardan Voskanyan , Paul Brookes , Fan Wu , Wei Jie , Jie Xu , Rafail Giavrimis , Mike Basios , Leslie Kanthan , Zheng Wang

Since the rise of neural natural-language-to-code models (NL->Code) that can generate long expressions and statements rather than a single next-token, one of the major problems has been reliably evaluating their generated output. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Shuyan Zhou , Uri Alon , Sumit Agarwal , Graham Neubig

State-of-the-art natural language processing systems rely on supervision in the form of annotated data to learn competent models. These models are generally trained on data in a single language (usually English), and cannot be directly used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Alexis Conneau , Guillaume Lample , Ruty Rinott , Adina Williams , Samuel R. Bowman , Holger Schwenk , Veselin Stoyanov