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Training chatbots using the reinforcement learning paradigm is challenging due to high-dimensional states, infinite action spaces and the difficulty in specifying the reward function. We address such problems using clustered actions instead…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Heriberto Cuayáhuitl , Donghyeon Lee , Seonghan Ryu , Sungja Choi , Inchul Hwang , Jihie Kim

Fairness-aware learning aims at satisfying various fairness constraints in addition to the usual performance criteria via data-driven machine learning techniques. Most of the research in fairness-aware learning employs the setting of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Pratik Gajane , Akrati Saxena , Maryam Tavakol , George Fletcher , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Acquiring complex behaviors is essential for artificially intelligent agents, yet learning these behaviors in high-dimensional settings poses a significant challenge due to the vast search space. Traditional reinforcement learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Mert Albaba , Sammy Christen , Thomas Langarek , Christoph Gebhardt , Otmar Hilliges , Michael J. Black

Resource constraints can fundamentally change both learning and decision-making. We explore how memory constraints influence an agent's performance when navigating unknown environments using standard reinforcement learning algorithms.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Massimiliano Tamborski , David Abel

It is common practice in reinforcement learning (RL) research to train and deploy agents in bespoke simulators, typically implemented by engineers directly in general-purpose programming languages or hardware acceleration frameworks such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Spyridon Samothrakis , Kurt Driessens , Mark H. M. Winands

Despite significant progress, deep reinforcement learning (RL) suffers from data-inefficiency and limited generalization. Recent efforts apply meta-learning to learn a meta-learner from a set of RL tasks such that a novel but related task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Lin Lan , Zhenguo Li , Xiaohong Guan , Pinghui Wang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a learning paradigm concerned with learning to control a system so as to maximize an objective over the long term. This approach to learning has received immense interest in recent times and success manifests…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Sanyam Kapoor

Embodied agents, such as robots and virtual characters, must continuously select actions to execute tasks effectively, solving complex sequential decision-making problems. Given the difficulty of designing such controllers manually,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Pedro Santana

As agentic AI becomes more widespread, agents with distinct and possibly conflicting goals will interact in complex ways. These multi-agent interactions pose a fundamental challenge, particularly in social dilemmas, where agents' individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Dereck Piche , Mohammed Muqeeth , Milad Aghajohari , Juan Duque , Michael Noukhovitch , Aaron Courville

Modeling of real-world biological multi-agents is a fundamental problem in various scientific and engineering fields. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful framework to generate flexible and diverse behaviors in cyberspace; however,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Keisuke Fujii , Kazushi Tsutsui , Atom Scott , Hiroshi Nakahara , Naoya Takeishi , Yoshinobu Kawahara

While reinforcement learning (RL) holds great potential for decision making in the real world, it suffers from a number of unique difficulties which often need specific consideration. In particular: it is highly non-stationary; suffers from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Alexander David Goldie , Chris Lu , Matthew Thomas Jackson , Shimon Whiteson , Jakob Nicolaus Foerster

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been embedded into many aspects of people's daily lives and it has become normal for people to have AI make decisions for them. Reinforcement learning (RL) models increase the space of solvable problems with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Agneza Krajna , Mario Brcic , Tomislav Lipic , Juraj Doncevic

We consider a context-dependent Reinforcement Learning (RL) setting, which is characterized by: a) an unknown finite number of not directly observable contexts; b) abrupt (discontinuous) context changes occurring during an episode; and c)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Hang Ren , Aivar Sootla , Taher Jafferjee , Junxiao Shen , Jun Wang , Haitham Bou-Ammar

Reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) has shown promise for training LLM agents to perform multi-turn decision-making based on environment feedback. However, most existing evaluations remain largely in-domain: training and testing are conducted…

Reinforcement learning (RL) methods learn optimal decisions in the presence of a stationary environment. However, the stationary assumption on the environment is very restrictive. In many real world problems like traffic signal control,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Sindhu Padakandla , Prabuchandran K. J , Shalabh Bhatnagar

This work studies the problem of learning under both large datasets and large-dimensional feature space scenarios. The feature information is assumed to be spread across agents in a network, where each agent observes some of the features.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Bicheng Ying , Kun Yuan , Ali H. Sayed

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have demonstrated promising results on complex tasks, yet often require impractical numbers of samples since they learn from scratch. Meta-RL aims to address this challenge by leveraging experience…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Russell Mendonca , Abhishek Gupta , Rosen Kralev , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Despite the numerous breakthroughs achieved with Reinforcement Learning (RL), solving environments with sparse rewards remains a challenging task that requires sophisticated exploration. Learning from Demonstrations (LfD) remedies this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Georgiy Pshikhachev , Dmitry Ivanov , Vladimir Egorov , Aleksei Shpilman

Solving a reinforcement learning (RL) problem poses two competing challenges: fitting a potentially discontinuous value function, and generalizing well to new observations. In this paper, we analyze the learning dynamics of temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Clare Lyle , Mark Rowland , Will Dabney , Marta Kwiatkowska , Yarin Gal

While reinforcement learning (RL) provides a framework for learning through trial and error, translating RL algorithms into the real world has remained challenging. A major hurdle to real-world application arises from the development of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Archit Sharma , Rehaan Ahmad , Chelsea Finn
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