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Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is a recently proposed gradient-based optimizer (Foret et al., ICLR 2021) that greatly improves the prediction performance of deep neural networks. Consequently, there has been a surge of interest in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yan Dai , Kwangjun Ahn , Suvrit Sra

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM), which searches for flat minima by min-max optimization, has been shown to be useful in improving model generalization. However, since each SAM update requires computing two gradients, its computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Weisen Jiang , Hansi Yang , Yu Zhang , James Kwok

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) generalization is known to be closely related to the flatness of minima, leading to the development of Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) for seeking flatter minima and better generalization. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yun Yue , Jiadi Jiang , Zhiling Ye , Ning Gao , Yongchao Liu , Ke Zhang

This paper rethinks Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM), which is originally formulated as a zero-sum game where the weights of a network and a bounded perturbation try to minimize/maximize, respectively, the same differentiable loss. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Wanyun Xie , Fabian Latorre , Kimon Antonakopoulos , Thomas Pethick , Volkan Cevher

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved impressive performance in collaborative filtering. However, GNNs tend to yield inferior performance when the distributions of training and test data are not aligned well. Also, training GNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Huiyuan Chen , Chin-Chia Michael Yeh , Yujie Fan , Yan Zheng , Junpeng Wang , Vivian Lai , Mahashweta Das , Hao Yang

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has been instrumental in improving deep neural network training by minimizing both the training loss and the sharpness of the loss landscape, leading the model into flatter minima that are associated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Van-Anh Nguyen , Quyen Tran , Tuan Truong , Thanh-Toan Do , Dinh Phung , Trung Le

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) methods have gained increasing popularity by formulating the problem of minimizing both loss value and loss sharpness as a minimax objective. In this work, we increase the efficiency of the maximization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Gonçalo Mordido , Pranshu Malviya , Aristide Baratin , Sarath Chandar

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) reports improving domain generalization by reducing the loss surface curvature in the parameter space. However, generalization during fine-tuning is often more dependent on the transferability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Tom Sherborne , Naomi Saphra , Pradeep Dasigi , Hao Peng

Recent experiments have shown that, often, when training a neural network with gradient descent (GD) with a step size $\eta$, the operator norm of the Hessian of the loss grows until it approximately reaches $2/\eta$, after which it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Philip M. Long , Peter L. Bartlett

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has been proven to be an effective optimization technique for improving generalization in overparameterized models. While prior works have explored the implicit regularization of SAM in simple two-core…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Tianxiao Cao , Kyohei Atarashi , Hisashi Kashima

In multimodal learning, dominant modalities often overshadow others, limiting generalization. We propose Modality-Aware Sharpness-Aware Minimization (M-SAM), a model-agnostic framework that applies to many modalities and supports early and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Hossein R. Nowdeh , Jie Ji , Xiaolong Ma , Fatemeh Afghah

There has been a lot of recent research on improving the efficiency of fine-tuning foundation models. In this paper, we propose a novel efficient fine-tuning method that allows the input image size of Segment Anything Model (SAM) to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Sota Kato , Hinako Mitsuoka , Kazuhiro Hotta

This paper presents a Domain-Inspired Sharpness-Aware Minimization (DISAM) algorithm for optimization under domain shifts. It is motivated by the inconsistent convergence degree of SAM across different domains, which induces optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Ruipeng Zhang , Ziqing Fan , Jiangchao Yao , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

Sharpness aware minimization (SAM) optimizer has been extensively explored as it can generalize better for training deep neural networks via introducing extra perturbation steps to flatten the landscape of deep learning models. Integrating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Hao Sun , Li Shen , Qihuang Zhong , Liang Ding , Shixiang Chen , Jingwei Sun , Jing Li , Guangzhong Sun , Dacheng Tao

Deep neural networks are often overparameterized and may not easily achieve model generalization. Adversarial training has shown effectiveness in improving generalization by regularizing the change of loss on top of adversarially chosen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Wenxuan Zhou , Fangyu Liu , Huan Zhang , Muhao Chen

By driving models to converge to flat minima, sharpness-aware learning algorithms (such as SAM) have shown the power to achieve state-of-the-art performances. However, these algorithms will generally incur one extra forward-backward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Yang Zhao , Hao Zhang , Xiuyuan Hu

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) is known to improve the generalization performance of neural networks. However, it is not widely used in real-world applications yet due to its expensive model perturbation cost. A few variants of SAM have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Sunwoo Lee

The Sharpness Aware Minimization (SAM) optimization algorithm has been shown to control large eigenvalues of the loss Hessian and provide generalization benefits in a variety of settings. The original motivation for SAM was a modified loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Atish Agarwala , Yann N. Dauphin

Adversarial Training (AT), which adversarially perturb the input samples during training, has been acknowledged as one of the most effective defenses against adversarial attacks, yet suffers from inevitably decreased clean accuracy. Instead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Yihao Zhang , Hangzhou He , Jingyu Zhu , Huanran Chen , Yifei Wang , Zeming Wei

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has recently emerged as an effective technique for improving DNN robustness to input variations. However, its interplay with the compactness requirements of on-device DNN deployments remains less explored.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jialuo He , Huangxun Chen
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