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While deep generative models~(DGMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in capturing complex data distributions, they consistently fail to learn constraints that encode domain knowledge and thus require constraint integration. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Ruoyan Li , Dipti Ranjan Sahu , Guy Van den Broeck , Zhe Zeng

Counting the number of isomers of a chemical molecule is one of the formative problems of graph theory. However, recent progress has been slow, and the problem has largely been ignored in modern network science. Here we provide an…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-01 Rana Shojaei , Thilo Gross

Graph neural networks (GNNs), which are capable of learning representations from graphical data, are naturally suitable for modeling molecular systems. This review introduces GNNs and their various applications for small organic molecules.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yuyang Wang , Zijie Li , Amir Barati Farimani

In the realm of generative models for graphs, extensive research has been conducted. However, most existing methods struggle with large graphs due to the complexity of representing the entire joint distribution across all node pairs and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Andreas Bergmeister , Karolis Martinkus , Nathanaël Perraudin , Roger Wattenhofer

Deep learning based molecular graph generation and optimization has recently been attracting attention due to its great potential for de novo drug design. On the one hand, recent models are able to efficiently learn a given graph…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-06-28 Rémy Brossard , Oriel Frigo , David Dehaene

Analyzing massive complex networks yields promising insights about our everyday lives. Building scalable algorithms to do so is a challenging task that requires a careful analysis and an extensive evaluation. However, engineering such…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Daniel Funke , Sebastian Lamm , Ulrich Meyer , Peter Sanders , Manuel Penschuck , Christian Schulz , Darren Strash , Moritz von Looz

The de novo design of molecular structures using deep learning generative models introduces an encouraging solution to drug discovery in the face of the continuously increased cost of new drug development. From the generation of original…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-08 Yuemin Bian , Xiang-Qun Xie

Deep generative models are increasingly used for molecular discovery, with most recent approaches relying on equivariant graph neural networks (GNNs) under the assumption that explicit equivariance is essential for generating high-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ewa M. Nowara , Joshua Rackers , Patricia Suriana , Pan Kessel , Max Shen , Andrew Martin Watkins , Michael Maser

Data-driven generative modeling has made remarkable progress by leveraging the power of deep neural networks. A reoccurring challenge is how to enable a model to generate a rich variety of samples from the entire target distribution, rather…

Graphics · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Nadav Schor , Oren Katzir , Hao Zhang , Daniel Cohen-Or

Learning expressive molecular representations is crucial to facilitate the accurate prediction of molecular properties. Despite the significant advancement of graph neural networks (GNNs) in molecular representation learning, they generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Hossein Hajiabolhassan , Zahra Taheri , Ali Hojatnia , Yavar Taheri Yeganeh

We propose GraphNVP, the first invertible, normalizing flow-based molecular graph generation model. We decompose the generation of a graph into two steps: generation of (i) an adjacency tensor and (ii) node attributes. This decomposition…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-29 Kaushalya Madhawa , Katushiko Ishiguro , Kosuke Nakago , Motoki Abe

Synthesizability in small molecule generative design remains a bottleneck. Existing works that do consider synthesizability can output predicted synthesis routes for generated molecules. However, there has been minimal attention in…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-14 Jeff Guo , Víctor Sabanza-Gil , Zlatko Jončev , Jeremy S. Luterbacher , Philippe Schwaller

Graph Learning (GL) is at the core of inference and analysis of connections in data mining and machine learning (ML). By observing a dataset of graph signals, and considering specific assumptions, Graph Signal Processing (GSP) tools can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Aref Einizade , Sepideh Hajipour Sardouie

The future astronomical imaging surveys are set to provide precise constraints on cosmological parameters, such as dark energy. However, production of synthetic data for these surveys, to test and validate analysis methods, suffers from a…

Diffusion models, as a novel generative paradigm, have achieved remarkable success in various image generation tasks such as image inpainting, image-to-text translation, and video generation. Graph generation is a crucial computational task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Chengyi Liu , Wenqi Fan , Yunqing Liu , Jiatong Li , Hang Li , Hui Liu , Jiliang Tang , Qing Li

We seek to automate the design of molecules based on specific chemical properties. Our primary contributions are a simpler method for generating SMILES strings guaranteed to be chemically valid, using a combination of a new context-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-29 Egor Kraev

One of the major prerequisites for any deep learning approach is the availability of large-scale training data. When dealing with scanned document images in real world scenarios, the principal information of its content is stored in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Sanket Biswas , Pau Riba , Josep Lladós , Umapada Pal

Graph-based computations are crucial in a wide range of applications, where graphs can scale to trillions of edges. To enable efficient training on such large graphs, mini-batch subgraph sampling is commonly used, which allows training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Yue Jin , Yongchao Liu , Chuntao Hong

We consider the problem of graph generation guided by network statistics, i.e., the generation of graphs which have given values of various numerical measures that characterize networks, such as the clustering coefficient and the number of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Jérôme Kunegis , Jun Sun , Eiko Yoneki

We study a fundamental problem in computational chemistry known as molecular conformation generation, trying to predict stable 3D structures from 2D molecular graphs. Existing machine learning approaches usually first predict distances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Chence Shi , Shitong Luo , Minkai Xu , Jian Tang