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Cloud services have recently started undergoing a major shift from monolithic applications, to graphs of hundreds of loosely-coupled microservices. Microservices fundamentally change a lot of assumptions current cloud systems are designed…

Edge computing is an emerging paradigm to enable low-latency applications, like mobile augmented reality, because it takes the computation on processing devices that are closer to the users. On the other hand, the need for highly scalable…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Claudio Cicconetti , Marco Conti , Andrea Passarella

Microservice architectures have become the dominant paradigm for cloud-native systems, offering flexibility and scalability. However, this shift has also led to increased demand for cloud resources, contributing to higher energy consumption…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Julian Legler , Sebastian Werner , Maria C. Borges , Stefan Tai

A fundamental challenge in large-scale cloud networks and data centers is to achieve highly efficient server utilization and limit energy consumption, while providing excellent user-perceived performance in the presence of uncertain and…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-06-23 Debankur Mukherjee , Souvik Dhara , Sem Borst , Johan S. H. van Leeuwaarden

Microservices have become the de-facto software architecture for cloud-native applications. A contentious architectural decision in microservices is to compose them using choreography or orchestration. In choreography, every service works…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Anas Nadeem , Muhammad Zubair Malik

Microservice-based applications are characterized by stochastic latencies arising from long-tail execution patterns and heterogeneous resource constraints across computational nodes. To address this challenge, we first formulate the problem…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Huixiang Zhang , Mahzabeen Emu

Cloud Computing (CC) is the most prevalent paradigm under which services are provided over the Internet. The most relevant feature for its success is its capability to promptly scale service based on user demand. When scaling, the main…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Mathieu Simon , Alessandro Spallina , Loic Dubocquet , Andrea Araldo

An effective auto-scaling framework is essential for microservices to ensure performance stability and resource efficiency under dynamic workloads. As revealed by many prior studies, the key to efficient auto-scaling lies in accurately…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Qin Hua , Dingyu Yang , Shiyou Qian , Jian Cao , Guangtao Xue , Minglu Li

[Context] Microservices enable the decomposition of applications into small and independent services connected together. The independence between services could positively affect the development velocity of a project, which is considered an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Nyyti Saarimaki , Mikel Robredo , Sira vegas , Natalia Juristo , David Taibi , Valentina Lenarduzzi

Serverless computing along with Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) is forming a new computing paradigm that is anticipated to found the next generation of cloud systems. The popularity of this paradigm is due to offering a highly transparent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Chavit Denninnart , Thanawat Chanikaphon , Mohsen Amini Salehi

Microservices architecture offers various benefits, including granularity, flexibility, and scalability. A crucial feature of this architecture is the ability to autoscale microservices, i.e., adjust the number of replicas and/or manage…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-15 João Paulo Karol Santos Nunes , Shiva Nejati , Mehrdad Sabetzadeh , Elisa Yumi Nakagawa

Service meshes play a central role in the modern application ecosystem by providing an easy and flexible way to connect different services that form a distributed application. However, because of the way they interpose on application…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Xiangfeng Zhu , Guozhen She , Bowen Xue , Yu Zhang , Yongsu Zhang , Xuan Kelvin Zou , Xiongchun Duan , Peng He , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Matthew Lentz , Danyang Zhuo , Ratul Mahajan

Researchers and practitioners have recently proposed many Microservices Architecture (MSA) patterns and strategies covering various aspects of microservices system life cycle, such as service design and security. However, selecting and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Muhammad Waseem , Peng Liang , Aakash Ahmad , Mojtaba Shahin , Arif Ali Khan , Gastón Márquez

The scalability and flexibility of microservice architecture have led to major changes in cloud-native application architectures. However, the complexity of managing thousands of small services written in different languages and handling…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Behrooz Farkiani , Raj Jain

This paper proposes a reinforcement learning-based method for microservice resource scheduling and optimization, aiming to address issues such as uneven resource allocation, high latency, and insufficient throughput in traditional…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yujun Zou , Nia Qi , Yingnan Deng , Zhihao Xue , Ming Gong , Wuyang Zhang

Autoscaling functions provide the foundation for achieving elasticity in the modern cloud computing paradigm. It enables dynamic provisioning or de-provisioning resources for cloud software services and applications without human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Chunyang Meng , Shijie Song , Haogang Tong , Maolin Pan , Yang Yu

Multi-cloud systems facilitate a cost-efficient and geographically-distributed deployment of microservice-based applications by temporary leasing virtual nodes with diverse pricing models. To preserve the cost-efficiency of multi-cloud…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Marco Zambianco , Silvio Cretti , Domenico Siracusa

Microservices have transformed monolithic applications into lightweight, self-contained, and isolated application components, establishing themselves as a dominant paradigm for application development and deployment in public clouds such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Haoyu Bai , Minxian Xu , Kejiang Ye , Rajkumar Buyya , Chengzhong Xu

The emerging edge-hub-cloud paradigm has enabled the development of innovative latency-critical cyber-physical applications in the edge-cloud continuum. However, this paradigm poses multiple challenges due to the heterogeneity of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Andreas Kouloumpris , Georgios L. Stavrinides , Maria K. Michael , Theocharis Theocharides

Prediction serving systems are designed to provide large volumes of low-latency inferences machine learning models. These systems mix data processing and computationally intensive model inference and benefit from multiple heterogeneous…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Vikram Sreekanti , Harikaran Subbaraj , Chenggang Wu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Joseph M. Hellerstein