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With the current interest in building quantum computers, there is a strong need for accurate and efficient characterization of the noise in quantum gate implementations. A key measure of the performance of a quantum gate is the minimum gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Yiping Lu , Jun Yan Sim , Jun Suzuki , Berthold-Georg Englert , Hui Khoon Ng

Compiling a given quantum algorithm into a target hardware architecture is a challenging optimization problem. The compiler must take into consideration the coupling graph of physical qubits and the gate operation dependencies. The existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 Xiangyu Gao , Yuwei Jin , Minghao Guo , Henry Chen , Eddy Z. Zhang

Quantum computation is conventionally performed using quantum operations acting on two-level quantum bits, or qubits. Qubits in modern quantum computers suffer from inevitable detrimental interactions with the environment that cause errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-03 Alexey Galda , Michael Cubeddu , Naoki Kanazawa , Prineha Narang , Nathan Earnest-Noble

We propose a quantum analogue of Bluestein's algorithm (QBA) that implements an exact $N$-point Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) for arbitrary $N$. Our construction factors the $N$-dimensional QFT unitary into three diagonal quadratic-phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Nan-Hong Kuo , Renata Wong

One of the largest obstacles to building a quantum computer is gate error, where the physical evolution of the state of a qubit or group of qubits during a gate operation does not match the intended unitary transformation. Gate error stems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Eliot Kapit

We show that any quantum circuit of treewidth $t$, built from $r$-qubit gates, requires at least $\Omega(\frac{n^{2}}{2^{O(r\cdot t)}\cdot \log^4 n})$ gates to compute the element distinctness function. Our result generalizes a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-10-03 Mateus de Oliveira Oliveira

The circuit model of a quantum computer consists of sequences of gate operations between quantum bits (qubits), drawn from a universal family of discrete operations. The ability to execute parallel entangling quantum gates offers clear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-19 C. Figgatt , A. Ostrander , N. M. Linke , K. A. Landsman , D. Zhu , D. Maslov , C. Monroe

As quantum computing resources remain scarce and error rates high, minimizing the resource consumption of quantum circuits is essential for achieving practical quantum advantage. Here we consider the natural problem of, given a circuit $C$,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Adam Husted Kjelstrøm , Andreas Pavlogiannis , Jaco van de Pol

We prove several new lower bounds for constant depth quantum circuits. The main result is that parity (and hence fanout) requires log depth circuits, when the circuits are composed of single qubit and arbitrary size Toffoli gates, and when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Maosen Fang , Stephen Fenner , Frederic Green , Steven Homer , Yong Zhang

We consider the problem of time-optimal realization of the quantum Fourier transform gate for a single qudit with number of levels d from 3 to 8. As a qudit the quadrupole nucleus with spin I > 1/2 controlled by NMR is considered. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 V. P. Shauro , V. E. Zobov

Implementing many important sub-circuits on near-term quantum devices remains a challenge due to the high levels of noise and the prohibitive depth on standard nearest-neighbour topologies. Overcoming these barriers will likely require…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-06 Angus Mingare , Anastasia Moroz , Marcell D Kovacs , Andrew G Green

We found that the actual computational time-cost of the QFT is O(n 2^n) for large n in a quantum computer using nuclear spins. The computational cost of a quantum algorithm has usually been estimated as the sum of the universal gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Saito , K. Kioi , Y. Akagi , N. Hashizume , K. Ohta

The computational complexity of $\mathsf{QAC}^0$, which are constant-depth, polynomial-size quantum circuit families consisting of arbitrary single-qubit unitaries and $n$-qubit generalized Toffoli gates, has gained tremendous focus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Yangjing Dong , Fengning Ou , Penghui Yao

We improve the number of $T$ gates needed for a $b$-bit approximation of a multiplexed quantum gate with $c$ controls applying $n$ single-qubit arbitrary phase rotations from $4n b+\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{cn b})$ to $2n b+\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{cn…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-27 Guang Hao Low

There are two important, and potentially interconnecting, avenues to the realisation of large-scale quantum algorithms: improvement of the hardware, and reduction of resource requirements demanded by algorithm components. In focusing on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-02 G. A. L. White , C. D. Hill , L. C. L. Hollenberg

With gate error rates in multiple technologies now below the threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computation, the major remaining obstacle to useful quantum computation is scaling, a challenge greatly amplified by the huge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Kianna Wan , Soonwon Choi , Isaac H. Kim , Noah Shutty , Patrick Hayden

Works on quantum computing and cryptanalysis has increased significantly in the past few years. Various constructions of quantum arithmetic circuits, as one of the essential components in the field, has also been proposed. However, there…

The Toffoli gate is an important universal quantum gate, and will alongside the Clifford gates be available in future fault-tolerant quantum computing hardware. Many quantum algorithms rely on performing arbitrarily small single-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Christoffer Hindlycke , Jakov Krnic , Jan-Åke Larsson

The circuit-level implementation of a quantum string-matching algorithm, which matches a search string (pattern) of length $M$ inside a longer text of length $N$, has already been demonstrated in the literature to outperform its classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-07 Amit Saha , Om Khanna

We improve the number of T gates needed to perform an n-bit adder from 8n + O(1) to 4n + O(1). We do so via a "temporary logical-AND" construction which uses four T gates to store the logical-AND of two qubits into an ancilla and zero T…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-21 Craig Gidney