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The proliferation of long-form documents presents a fundamental challenge to information retrieval (IR), as their length, dispersed evidence, and complex structures demand specialized methods beyond standard passage-level techniques. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Minghan Li , Miyang Luo , Tianrui Lv , Yishuai Zhang , Siqi Zhao , Ercong Nie , Guodong Zhou

Information Retriever (IR) aims to find the relevant documents (e.g. snippets, passages, and articles) to a given query at large scale. IR plays an important role in many tasks such as open domain question answering and dialogue systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Man Luo

Multi-label legal annotation requires assigning multiple labels from large, evolving taxonomies to long, fact-intensive documents, often under limited supervision. Parametric encoders typically require task-specific training and retraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Li Zhang , Jaromir Savelka , Kevin Ashley

In the field of language modeling, models augmented with retrieval components have emerged as a promising solution to address several challenges faced in the natural language processing (NLP) field, including knowledge grounding,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 To Eun Kim , Alireza Salemi , Andrew Drozdov , Fernando Diaz , Hamed Zamani

Pre-trained language models have achieved promising success in code retrieval tasks, where a natural language documentation query is given to find the most relevant existing code snippet. However, existing models focus only on optimizing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Dong Li , Yelong Shen , Ruoming Jin , Yi Mao , Kuan Wang , Weizhu Chen

Retrieval augmentation, which enhances downstream models by a knowledge retriever and an external corpus instead of by merely increasing the number of model parameters, has been successfully applied to many natural language processing (NLP)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Chenyu Zhao , Yunjiang Jiang , Yiming Qiu , Han Zhang , Wen-Yun Yang

State-of-the-art systems in deep question answering proceed as follows: (1) an initial document retrieval selects relevant documents, which (2) are then processed by a neural network in order to extract the final answer. Yet the exact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Bernhard Kratzwald , Stefan Feuerriegel

Current dense text retrieval models face two typical challenges. First, they adopt a siamese dual-encoder architecture to encode queries and documents independently for fast indexing and searching, while neglecting the finer-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Hang Zhang , Yeyun Gong , Yelong Shen , Jiancheng Lv , Nan Duan , Weizhu Chen

Large language models augmented with task-relevant documents have demonstrated impressive performance on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, regarding how to obtain effective documents, the existing methods are mainly divided into two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zhangyin Feng , Xiaocheng Feng , Dezhi Zhao , Maojin Yang , Bing Qin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing dense retrieval through query augmentation. However, most existing methods treat the LLM and the retriever as separate modules, overlooking the alignment…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Sijia Yao , Pengcheng Huang , Zhenghao Liu , Yu Gu , Yukun Yan , Shi Yu , Ge Yu

With over 200 million published academic documents and millions of new documents being written each year, academic researchers face the challenge of searching for information within this vast corpus. However, existing retrieval systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Gengchen Wei , Xinle Pang , Tianning Zhang , Yu Sun , Xun Qian , Chen Lin , Han-Sen Zhong , Wanli Ouyang

Effective information retrieval (IR) from vast datasets relies on advanced techniques to extract relevant information in response to queries. Recent advancements in dense retrieval have showcased remarkable efficacy compared to traditional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

Semantic retrieval (also known as dense retrieval) based on textual data has been extensively studied for both web search and product search application fields, where the relevance of a query and a potential target document is computed by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Dong Liu , Esther Lopez Ramos

Hybrid retrieval techniques in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance information retrieval by combining dense and sparse (e.g., BM25-based) retrieval methods. However, existing approaches struggle with adaptability, as fixed…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Hsin-Ling Hsu , Jengnan Tzeng

Document understanding is critical for applications from financial analysis to scientific discovery. Current approaches, whether OCR-based pipelines feeding Large Language Models (LLMs) or native Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs), face key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sensen Gao , Shanshan Zhao , Xu Jiang , Lunhao Duan , Yong Xien Chng , Qing-Guo Chen , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Jia-Wang Bian , Mingming Gong

Conversational search aims to satisfy users' complex information needs via multiple-turn interactions. The key challenge lies in revealing real users' search intent from the context-dependent queries. Previous studies achieve conversational…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Fengran Mo , Jinghan Zhang , Yuchen Hui , Jia Ao Sun , Zhichao Xu , Zhan Su , Jian-Yun Nie

Although representational retrieval models based on Transformers have been able to make major advances in the past few years, and despite the widely accepted conventions and best-practices for testing such models, a $\textit{standardized}$…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Nima Sadri

This paper presents an advancement in Question-Answering (QA) systems using a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) framework to enhance information extraction from PDF files. Recognizing the richness and diversity of data within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Thi Thu Uyen Hoang , Meenakshi Rajendran , Kun Zhang , Yuhan Wu , Viet Anh Nguyen

Document-level Relation Extraction (DocRE) involves identifying relations between entities across multiple sentences in a document. Evidence sentences, crucial for precise entity pair relationships identification, enhance focus on essential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Khai Phan Tran , Xue Li

Recent progress in deep learning has continuously improved the accuracy of dialogue response selection. In particular, sophisticated neural network architectures are leveraged to capture the rich interactions between dialogue context and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Tian Lan , Deng Cai , Yan Wang , Yixuan Su , Heyan Huang , Xian-Ling Mao