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Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is implemented when algorithms are trained on both labeled and unlabeled data. This is a very common application of ML as it is unrealistic to obtain a fully labeled dataset. Researchers have tackled three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Jason Lu , Michael Ma , Huaze Xu , Zixi Xu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success in leveraging a large amount of unlabeled data to learn a promising classifier. A popular approach is pseudo-labeling that generates pseudo labels only for those unlabeled data with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Qinyi Deng , Yong Guo , Zhibang Yang , Haolin Pan , Jian Chen

The lack of labeled data is a common challenge in speech classification tasks, particularly those requiring extensive subjective assessment, such as cognitive state classification. In this work, we propose a Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Yuanchao Li , Zixing Zhang , Jing Han , Peter Bell , Catherine Lai

A major challenge in Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is the limited information available about the class distribution in the unlabeled data. In many real-world applications this arises from the prevalence of long-tailed distributions, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Khiem Pham , Charles Herrmann , Ramin Zabih

Recent state-of-the-art methods in semi-supervised learning (SSL) combine consistency regularization with confidence-based pseudo-labeling. To obtain high-quality pseudo-labels, a high confidence threshold is typically adopted. However, it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Zhuoran Yu , Yin Li , Yong Jae Lee

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has been a powerful strategy to incorporate few labels in learning better representations. In this paper, we focus on a practical scenario that one aims to apply SSL when unlabeled data may contain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Jongjin Park , Sukmin Yun , Jongheon Jeong , Jinwoo Shin

This paper looks at semi-supervised learning (SSL) for image-based text recognition. One of the most popular SSL approaches is pseudo-labeling (PL). PL approaches assign labels to unlabeled data before re-training the model with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Gaurav Patel , Jan Allebach , Qiang Qiu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims to train a machine learning model using both labelled and unlabelled data. While the unlabelled data have been used in various ways to improve the prediction accuracy, the reason why unlabelled data could…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-28 Archer Moore , Heejung Shim , Jingge Zhu , Mingming Gong

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has witnessed great progress with various improvements in the self-training framework with pseudo labeling. The main challenge is how to distinguish high-quality pseudo labels against the confirmation bias.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Siyuan Li , Weiyang Jin , Zedong Wang , Fang Wu , Zicheng Liu , Cheng Tan , Stan Z. Li

Deep neural networks have been widely used in communication signal recognition and achieved remarkable performance, but this superiority typically depends on using massive examples for supervised learning, whereas training a deep neural…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-15 Weidong Wang , Hongshu Liao , Lu Gan

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages both labeled and unlabeled data to train machine learning (ML) models. State-of-the-art SSL methods can achieve comparable performance to supervised learning by leveraging much fewer labeled data.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Xinlei He , Hongbin Liu , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yang Zhang

In recent years, semi-supervised learning (SSL) has shown tremendous success in leveraging unlabeled data to improve the performance of deep learning models, which significantly reduces the demand for large amounts of labeled data. Many SSL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Song-Bo Yang , Tian-li Yu

Decentralized learning has been advocated and widely deployed to make efficient use of distributed datasets, with an extensive focus on supervised learning (SL) problems. Unfortunately, the majority of real-world data are unlabeled and can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Lirui Wang , Kaiqing Zhang , Yunzhu Li , Yonglong Tian , Russ Tedrake

State-of-the-art (SOTA) semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods have been highly successful in leveraging a mix of labeled and unlabeled data by combining techniques of consistency regularization and pseudo-labeling. During pseudo-labeling,…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a scalable way to learn general visual representations since it learns without labels. However, large-scale unlabeled datasets in the wild often have long-tailed label distributions, where we know little…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Hong Liu , Jeff Z. HaoChen , Adrien Gaidon , Tengyu Ma

Traditional semi-supervised learning (SSL) assumes that the feature distributions of labeled and unlabeled data are consistent which rarely holds in realistic scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel SSL setting, where unlabeled samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Jiachen Liang , Ruibing Hou , Hong Chang , Bingpeng Ma , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has been an effective way to leverage abundant unlabeled data with extremely scarce labeled data. However, most SSL methods are commonly based on instance-wise consistency between different data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Zhuo Huang , Li Shen , Jun Yu , Bo Han , Tongliang Liu

Do we need active learning? The rise of strong deep semi-supervised methods raises doubt about the usability of active learning in limited labeled data settings. This is caused by results showing that combining semi-supervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Sandra Gilhuber , Rasmus Hvingelby , Mang Ling Ada Fok , Thomas Seidl

Existing semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods assume that labeled and unlabeled data share the same class space. However, in real-world applications, unlabeled data always contain classes not present in the labeled set, which may cause…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Wenjuan Xi , Xin Song , Weili Guo , Yang Yang

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) can leverage abundant unlabeled data to boost model performance. However, the class-imbalanced data distribution in real-world scenarios poses great challenges to SSL, resulting in performance degradation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Yin Wang , Zixuan Wang , Hao Lu , Zhen Qin , Hailiang Zhao , Guanjie Cheng , Ge Su , Li Kuang , Mengchu Zhou , Shuiguang Deng