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Multi-agent path finding (MAPF) is the problem of moving agents to the goal vertex without collision. In the online MAPF problem, new agents may be added to the environment at any time, and the current agents have no information about…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Mingkai Tang , Boyi Liu , Yuanhang Li , Hongji Liu , Ming Liu , Lujia Wang

The 2D Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) problem aims at finding collision-free paths for a number of agents, from a set of start locations to a set of goal positions in a known 2D environment. MAPF has been studied in theoretical computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Gleb Belov , Liron Cohen , Maria Garcia de la Banda , Daniel Harabor , Sven Koenig , Xinrui Wei

Multi-Agent Pathfinding (MAPF) plays a critical role in various domains. Traditional MAPF methods typically assume unit edge costs and single-timestep actions, which limit their applicability to real-world scenarios. MAPFR extends MAPF to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hongkai Fan , Qinjing Xie , Bo Ouyang , Yaonan Wang , Zhi Yan , Jiawen He , Zheng Fang

Multi-agent Path Finding (MAPF) is the problem of planning collision-free movements of agents so that they get from where they are to where they need to be. Commonly, agents are located on a graph and can traverse edges. This problem has…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Alvin Combrink , Sabino Francesco Roselli , Martin Fabian

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is an NP-hard problem well studied in artificial intelligence and robotics. It has many real-world applications for which existing MAPF solvers use various heuristics. However, these solvers are deterministic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Liron Cohen , Glenn Wagner , T. K. Satish Kumar , Howie Choset , Sven Koenig

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is a representative multi-agent coordination problem, where multiple agents are required to navigate to their respective goals without collisions. Solving MAPF optimally is known to be NP-hard, leading to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rishabh Jain , Keisuke Okumura , Michael Amir , Pietro Lio , Amanda Prorok

We study online Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF), where new agents are constantly revealed over time and all agents must find collision-free paths to their given goal locations. We generalize existing complexity results of (offline) MAPF to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Hang Ma

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) is a common abstraction of multi-robot trajectory planning problems, where multiple homogeneous robots simultaneously move in the shared environment. While solving MAPF optimally has been proven to be NP-hard,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Anton Andreychuk , Konstantin Yakovlev , Aleksandr Panov , Alexey Skrynnik

The determination of the computational complexity of multi-agent pathfinding on directed graphs has been an open problem for many years. For undirected graphs, solvability can be decided in polynomial time, as has been shown already in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Bernhard Nebel

The Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) problem aims at finding non-conflicting paths for multiple agents from their respective sources to destinations. This problem arises in multiple real-life situations, including robot motion planning and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Aditi Anand , Dildar Ali , Suman Banerjee

The multi-agent path finding (MAPF) problem is a combinatorial search problem that aims at finding paths for multiple agents (e.g., robots) in an environment (e.g., an autonomous warehouse) such that no two agents collide with each other,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Aysu Bogatarkan , Esra Erdem

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is a long-standing problem in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in which one needs to find a set of collision-free paths for a group of mobile agents (robots) operating in the shared workspace. Due to its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Zain Alabedeen Ali , Konstantin Yakovlev

Purpose of Review Planning collision-free paths for multiple robots is important for real-world multi-robot systems and has been studied as an optimization problem on graphs, called Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF). This review surveys…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Hang Ma

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) seeks collision-free paths for multiple agents from their respective starting locations to their respective goal locations while minimizing path costs. Although many MAPF algorithms were developed and can…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Shuai Zhou , Shizhe Zhao , Zhongqiang Ren

The problem of Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) calls for finding a set of conflict-free paths for a fleet of agents operating in a given environment. Arguably, the state-of-the-art approach to computing optimal solutions is Conflict-Based…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Ofir Gordon , Yuval Filmus , Oren Salzman

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) has been widely studied in recent years. However, most existing MAPF algorithms assume that an agent occupies only a single grid in a grid-based map. This assumption limits their applicability in many…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Zhuo Yao

Multi-agent path finding (MAPF) involves planning efficient paths for multiple agents to move simultaneously while avoiding collisions. In typical warehouse environments, agents are often sparsely distributed along aisles; however,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Hiroya Makino , Seigo Ito

Multi-agent Pathfinding (MAPF) problem generally asks to find a set of conflict-free paths for a set of agents confined to a graph and is typically solved in a centralized fashion. Conversely, in this work, we investigate the decentralized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Alexey Skrynnik , Anton Andreychuk , Maria Nesterova , Konstantin Yakovlev , Aleksandr Panov

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is the problem of moving multiple agents from starts to goals without collisions. Lifelong MAPF (LMAPF) extends MAPF by continuously assigning new goals to agents. We present our winning approach to the 2023…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-02 He Jiang , Yulun Zhang , Rishi Veerapaneni , Jiaoyang Li

In multi-agent path finding (MAPF) the task is to find non-conflicting paths for multiple agents. In this paper we focus on finding suboptimal solutions for MAPF for the sum-of-costs variant. Recently, a SAT-based approached was developed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Pavel Surynek , Ariel Felner , Roni Stern , Eli Boyarski