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Building on earlier work, we further develop a formalism based on the mathematical theory of frames that defines a set of possible phase-space or quasi-probability representations of finite-dimensional quantum systems. We prove that an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-23 Christopher Ferrie , Joseph Emerson

While adhering to the formalism of Special and General Relativity, this paper considers the interpretation of clock rates and the rating of clocks in detail. We also pay particular attention to the crucial requirement of reciprocity between…

General Physics · Physics 2009-04-21 Barrie Tonkinson

Recent advances in our understanding of foundations of quantum mechanics have shown that information can be made objective through quantum states. Such objectification processes, predicted e.g. in a variety of quantum open systems, must…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Rafał Ćwiek , Jarosław K. Korbicz

An operationalistic scheme, called Melucci metaphor, is suggested representing Information Retrieval as physical measurements with beam of particles playing the role of the flow of retrieved documents. The possibilities of query expansion…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-11-17 Romàn Zapatrin

Due to the absence of an external, classical time variable, the probabilistic predictions of covariant quantum theory are ambiguous when multiple measurements are considered. Here, we introduce an information theoretic framework to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 S. Jay Olson , Jonathan P. Dowling

Quantum superposition is often phrased as the ability to add state vectors. In practice, however, the physical quantity is a ray (a rank-one projector), so each input specifies only a projector and leaves a gauge freedom in the phases of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Jeongho Bang , Kyoungho Cho , Ki Hyuk Yee

We propose partial measurements as a conceptual tool to understand how to operate with counterfactual claims in quantum physics. Indeed, unlike standard von Neumann measurements, partial measurements can be reversed probabilistically. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-30 G. S. Paraoanu

Treating reference frames fundamentally as quantum systems is inevitable in quantum gravity and also in quantum foundations once considering laboratories as physical systems. Both fields thereby face the question of how to describe physics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-29 Augustin Vanrietvelde , Philipp A Hoehn , Flaminia Giacomini , Esteban Castro-Ruiz

Quantum physics holds the promise of enabling certain tasks with better performance than possible when only classical resources are employed. The quantum phenomena present in many experiments signify nonclassical behavior, but do not always…

A reference frame F is described by the element g of the Poincare' group P which connects F with a given fixed frame F_0. If F is a quantum frame, defined by a physical object following the laws of quantum physics, the parameters of g have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 S. Mazzucchi

The problem of measurement is often considered as an inconsistency inside the quantum formalism. Many attempts to solve (or to dissolve) it have been made since the inception of quantum mechanics. The form of these attempts depends on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Herve Zwirn

A transition of focus from state space to frames of reference and their transformations is argued as being the appropriate setup for ensuring the covariance of physical laws. Such an approach can not only simplify and clarify aspects of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Elemer E Rosinger

We describe in a qualitative way a possible picture of the Measurement Process in Quantum Mechanics, which takes into account: 1. the finite and non zero time duration T of the interaction between the observed system and the microscopic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-20 Sergio Doplicher

Quantum superposition is central to quantum theory but challenges our concepts of reality and spacetime when applied to macroscopic objects like Schr\"odinger's cat. For that reason, it has been a long-standing question whether quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-14 Rainer Kaltenbaek

Beginning in abstract space and dislodging the representational form paves a way to formulate a version of a quantum physical measurement scheme. With materiality playing sustainment roles with respect to q-states, these latter control…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-21 O. Tapia

The measurement postulate of quantum theory stands in conflict with the laws of thermodynamics and has evoked debate regarding what actually constitutes a measurement. With the help of modern quantum statistical mechanics, we take the first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Emanuel Schwarzhans , Felix C. Binder , Marcus Huber , Maximilian P. E. Lock

In quantum theory, the concept of time rests on shaky ground. One way to address this problem is to remove the usual background time parameter as a primitive entity and explain its emergence via correlations between physical systems. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Simone Rijavec

We elaborate a quantum model for the meaning associated with corpora of written documents, like the pages forming the World Wide Web. To that end, we are guided by how physicists constructed quantum theory for microscopic entities, which…

One of the most remarkable features of quantum physics is that attributes of quantum objects, such as the wave-like and particle-like behaviors of single photons, can be complementary in the sense that they are equally real but cannot be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-05 Shan Huang , Wen-Bo Liu , Yundu Zhao , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen , Shengjun Wu

The concept of inertial frame of reference in classical physics and special theory of relativity is analysed. It has been shown that this fundamental concept of physics is not clear enough. A definition of inertial frame of reference is…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-01-03 Boris Čulina