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One of the most important obligations of privacy-enhancing technologies is to bring confidentiality and privacy to users' browsing activities on the Internet. The website fingerprinting attack enables a local passive eavesdropper to predict…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Amir Mahdi Sadeghzadeh , Behrad Tajali , Rasool Jalili

Device fingerprinting is a widely used technique that allows a third party to identify a particular device. Applications of device fingerprinting include authentication, attacker identification, or software license binding. Device…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Alberto Fernandez-de-Retana , Igor Santos-Grueiro

Anonymity systems like Tor are vulnerable to Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks, where a local passive eavesdropper infers the victim's activity. Current WF attacks based on deep learning classifiers have successfully overcome numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Shawn Shan , Arjun Nitin Bhagoji , Haitao Zheng , Ben Y. Zhao

While anonymity networks like Tor aim to protect the privacy of their users, they are vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks such as Website Fingerprinting (WF) and Flow Correlation (FC). Recent implementations of WF and FC attacks, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 James K Holland , Jason Carpenter , Se Eun Oh , Nicholas Hopper

Federated learning (FL) enables privacy-preserving collaborative model training but remains vulnerable to adversarial behaviors that compromise model utility or fairness across sensitive groups. While extensive studies have examined attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yanli Li , Yanan Zhou , Zhongliang Guo , Nan Yang , Yuning Zhang , Huaming Chen , Dong Yuan , Weiping Ding , Witold Pedrycz

The widespread adoption of Large Language Model (LLM) in commercial and research settings has intensified the need for robust intellectual property protection. Backdoor-based LLM fingerprinting has emerged as a promising solution for this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Hang Fu , Wanli Peng , Yinghan Zhou , Jiaxuan Wu , Juan Wen , Yiming Xue

Compared to 2D face presentation attacks (e.g. printed photos and video replays), 3D type attacks are more challenging to face recognition systems (FRS) by presenting 3D characteristics or materials similar to real faces. Existing 3D face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Shan Jia , Chuanbo Hu , Guodong Guo , Zhengquan Xu

Throughout recent years, the importance of internet-privacy has continuously risen. [...] Browser fingerprinting is a technique that does not require cookies or persistent identifiers. It derives a sufficiently unique identifier from the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Sebastian Neef

Tor, an onion-routing anonymity network, has been shown to be vulnerable to Website Fingerprinting (WF), which de-anonymizes web browsing by analyzing the unique characteristics of the encrypted network traffic. Although many defenses have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Jiajun Gong , Wuqi Zhang , Charles Zhang , Tao Wang

Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) have been introduced as essential and popular security gates that inspect incoming HTTP traffic to filter out malicious requests and provide defenses against a diverse array of web-based threats. Evading…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Seyed Ali Akhavani , Bahruz Jabiyev , Ben Kallus , Cem Topcuoglu , Sergey Bratus , Engin Kirda

Face recognition is a mainstream biometric authentication method. However, vulnerability to presentation attacks (a.k.a spoofing) limits its usability in unsupervised applications. Even though there are many methods available for tackling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Anjith George , Zohreh Mostaani , David Geissenbuhler , Olegs Nikisins , Andre Anjos , Sebastien Marcel

A face morphing attack image can be verified to multiple identities, making this attack a major vulnerability to processes based on identity verification, such as border checks. Various methods have been proposed to detect face morphing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Naser Damer , Noemie Spiller , Meiling Fang , Fadi Boutros , Florian Kirchbuchner , Arjan Kuijper

In webpage fingerprinting, an on-path adversary infers the specific webpage loaded by a victim user by analysing the patterns in the encrypted TLS traffic exchanged between the user's browser and the website's servers. This work studies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Vasilios Mavroudis , Jamie Hayes

This article puts forward the use of mutual information values to replicate the expertise of security professionals in selecting features for detecting web attacks. The goal is to enhance the effectiveness of web application firewalls…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Amanda Riverol , Gustavo Betarte , Rodrigo Martínez , Álvaro Pardo

Face Anti-Spoofing (FAS) is crucial to safeguard Face Recognition (FR) Systems. In real-world scenarios, FRs are confronted with both physical and digital attacks. However, existing algorithms often address only one type of attack at a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Haocheng Yuan , Ajian Liu , Junze Zheng , Jun Wan , Jiankang Deng , Sergio Escalera , Hugo Jair Escalante , Isabelle Guyon , Zhen Lei

Browser fingerprinting is a pervasive online tracking technique used increasingly often for profiling and targeted advertising. Prior research on the prevalence of fingerprinting heavily relied on automated web crawls, which inherently…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Meenatchi Sundaram Muthu Selva Annamalai , Igor Bilogrevic , Emiliano De Cristofaro

Document Presentation Attack Detection (DPAD) is an important measure in protecting the authenticity of a document image. However, recent DPAD methods demand additional resources, such as manual effort in collecting additional data or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Changsheng Chen , Yongyi Deng , Liangwei Lin , Zitong Yu , Zhimao Lai

Browser fingerprinting is a relatively new method of uniquely identifying browsers that can be used to track web users. In some ways it is more privacy-threatening than tracking via cookies, as users have no direct control over it. A number…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Nasser Mohammed Al-Fannah , Wanpeng Li , Chris J Mitchell

Face anti-spoofing is designed to keep face recognition systems from recognizing fake faces as the genuine users. While advanced face anti-spoofing methods are developed, new types of spoof attacks are also being created and becoming a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-10 Yaojie Liu , Joel Stehouwer , Amin Jourabloo , Xiaoming Liu

Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks identify the websites visited by users by performing traffic analysis, compromising user privacy. Particularly, DL-based WF attacks demonstrate impressive attack performance. However, the effectiveness of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xinhao Deng , Qi Li , Ke Xu