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Machine reading comprehension tasks require a machine reader to answer questions relevant to the given document. In this paper, we present the first free-form multiple-Choice Chinese machine reading Comprehension dataset (C^3), containing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Kai Sun , Dian Yu , Dong Yu , Claire Cardie

We introduce an evaluation methodology for reading comprehension tasks based on the intuition that certain examples, by the virtue of their linguistic complexity, consistently yield lower scores regardless of model size or architecture. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Elie Antoine , Frédéric Béchet , Géraldine Damnati , Philippe Langlais

Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge. Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions posed on the contents of documents that they have seen, but until now large scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-20 Karl Moritz Hermann , Tomáš Kočiský , Edward Grefenstette , Lasse Espeholt , Will Kay , Mustafa Suleyman , Phil Blunsom

Understanding narratives requires reading between the lines, which in turn, requires interpreting the likely causes and effects of events, even when they are not mentioned explicitly. In this paper, we introduce Cosmos QA, a large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Lifu Huang , Ronan Le Bras , Chandra Bhagavatula , Yejin Choi

This paper presents a systematic review of benchmarks and approaches for explainability in Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC). We present how the representation and inference challenges evolved and the steps which were taken to tackle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Mokanarangan Thayaparan , Marco Valentino , André Freitas

Resolving knowledge conflicts is a crucial challenge in Question Answering (QA) tasks, as the internet contains numerous conflicting facts and opinions. While some research has made progress in tackling ambiguous settings where multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Sagi Shaier , Ari Kobren , Philip Ogren

Our research aims at better understanding what makes a text difficult to read for specific audiences with intellectual disabilities, more specifically, people who have limitations in cognitive functioning, such as reading and understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Nouran Khallaf , Carlo Eugeni , Serge Sharoff

Providing natural language explanations for recommendations is particularly useful from the perspective of a non-expert user. Although several methods for providing such explanations have recently been proposed, we argue that an important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Jakub Raczyński , Mateusz Lango , Jerzy Stefanowski

The staggering pace with which the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are increasing, as measured by a range of commonly used natural language understanding (NLU) benchmarks, raises many questions regarding what "understanding"…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Xenia Ohmer , Elia Bruni , Dieuwke Hupkes

We present RACE, a new dataset for benchmark evaluation of methods in the reading comprehension task. Collected from the English exams for middle and high school Chinese students in the age range between 12 to 18, RACE consists of near…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-07 Guokun Lai , Qizhe Xie , Hanxiao Liu , Yiming Yang , Eduard Hovy

With the blooming of various Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs), Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) has embraced significant improvements on various benchmarks and even surpass human performances. However, the existing works only target on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Yiming Cui , Ting Liu , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu

We analyze two Natural Language Inference data sets with respect to their linguistic features. The goal is to identify those syntactic and semantic properties that are particularly hard to comprehend for a machine learning model. To this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Maren Pielka , Felix Rode , Lisa Pucknat , Tobias Deußer , Rafet Sifa

Enabling a machine to read and comprehend the natural language documents so that it can answer some questions remains an elusive challenge. In recent years, the popularity of deep learning and the establishment of large-scale datasets have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Boyu Qiu , Xu Chen , Jungang Xu , Yingfei Sun

Recent pretrained language models "solved" many reading comprehension benchmarks, where questions are written with access to the evidence document. However, datasets containing information-seeking queries where evidence documents are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Akari Asai , Eunsol Choi

Most existing multi-document machine reading comprehension models mainly focus on understanding the interactions between the input question and documents, but ignore following two kinds of understandings. First, to understand the semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Feiliang Ren , Yongkang Liu , Bochao Li , Zhibo Wang , Yu Guo , Shilei Liu , Huimin Wu , Jiaqi Wang , Chunchao Liu , Bingchao Wang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in open-domain Question Answering (QA), their ability to handle inferential questions-where answers must be derived rather than directly retrieved-remains still underexplored. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jamshid Mozafari , Bhawna Piryani , Adam Jatowt

We study automatic question generation for sentences from text passages in reading comprehension. We introduce an attention-based sequence learning model for the task and investigate the effect of encoding sentence- vs. paragraph-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Xinya Du , Junru Shao , Claire Cardie

We present TriviaQA, a challenging reading comprehension dataset containing over 650K question-answer-evidence triples. TriviaQA includes 95K question-answer pairs authored by trivia enthusiasts and independently gathered evidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Mandar Joshi , Eunsol Choi , Daniel S. Weld , Luke Zettlemoyer

We consider the problem of adapting neural paragraph-level question answering models to the case where entire documents are given as input. Our proposed solution trains models to produce well calibrated confidence scores for their results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Christopher Clark , Matt Gardner

Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) is a challenging Natural Language Processing(NLP) research field with wide real-world applications. The great progress of this field in recent years is mainly due to the emergence of large-scale datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Changchang Zeng , Shaobo Li , Qin Li , Jie Hu , Jianjun Hu