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These lecture notes are based on a course given by Mark Hindmarsh at the 24th Saalburg Summer School 2018 and written up by Marvin L\"uben, Johannes Lumma and Martin Pauly. The aim is to provide the necessary basics to understand…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-26 Mark B. Hindmarsh , Marvin Lüben , Johannes Lumma , Martin Pauly

We investigate the potential stochastic gravitational waves from first-order electroweak phase transitions in a model with pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter and two Higgs doublets. The dark matter candidate can naturally evade direct…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-01-11 Zhao Zhang , Chengfeng Cai , Xue-Min Jiang , Yi-Lei Tang , Zhao-Huan Yu , Hong-Hao Zhang

We study the production, spectrum and detectability of gravitational waves in models of the early Universe where first order phase transitions occur during inflation. We consider all relevant sources. The self-consistency of the scenario…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-16 Diego Chialva

We update predictions for the gravitational wave (GW) signal from a strongly supercooled phase transition in an illustrative classically conformal U(1)$_{B-L}$ model. We implement $\propto \gamma^2$ scaling of the friction on the bubble…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-25 John Ellis , Marek Lewicki , Ville Vaskonen

Gravitational waves (GWs) were recently detected for the first time. This revolutionary discovery opens a new way of learning about particle physics through GWs from first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) in the early Universe. FOPTs could…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-01-23 Peter Athron , Csaba Balázs , Andrew Fowlie , Lachlan Morris , Lei Wu

We investigate the potential for the eLISA space-based interferometer to detect the stochastic gravitational wave background produced by strong first-order cosmological phase transitions. We discuss the resulting contributions from bubble…

Cold Dark Matter particles may interact with ordinary particles through a dark photon, which acquires a mass thanks to a spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism. We discuss a dark photon model in which the scalar singlet associated to the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-03-14 Andrea Addazi , Antonino Marciano

We suggest an appealing strategy to probe a large class of scenarios beyond the Standard Model simultaneously explaining the recent CDF II measurement of the $W$ boson mass and predicting first-order phase transitions (FOPT) testable in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-03-14 Andrea Addazi , Antonino Marciano , António P. Morais , Roman Pasechnik , Hao Yang

First order phase transitions in the early universe could produce a gravitational-wave background that might be detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Such an observation would provide evidence for physics beyond the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-01 Guillaume Boileau , Nelson Christensen , Chloe Gowling , Mark Hindmarsh , Renate Meyer

The real singlet extension of the Standard Model (SM), RxSM, is one of the simplest Beyond-the-Standard Model (BSM) theories that can accommodate a strong first-order electroweak phase transition (SFOEWPT). We survey the possible thermal…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-15 Johannes Braathen , Sven Heinemeyer , Carlos Pulido Boatella , Alain Verduras Schaeidt

We study stochastic gravitational wave production and baryon number generation at electroweak phase transition with the two Higgs doublet models. The produced stochastic gravitational wave during the strongly first-order phase transition…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-04-19 Ruiyu Zhou , Ligong Bian

Extra CP-violating source for electroweak baryogenesis can dynamically appear at finite temperature in the complex two-Higgs doublet model, which might help to alleviate the strong constraints from the electric dipole moment experiments. In…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-01-28 Xiao Wang , Fa Peng Huang , Xinmin Zhang

We explore the potential of gravitational waves (GWs) to probe the pre-BBN era of the early universe, focusing on the effects of energy injection. Specifically, we examine a hidden sector alongside the Standard Model that undergoes a strong…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-02-12 James B. Dent , Bhaskar Dutta , Mudit Rai

Stochastic backgrounds of gravitational waves (GWs) from the pre-BBN era offer a unique opportunity to probe the universe beyond what has already been achieved with the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). If the source is short in duration,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-06-13 Joshua Berger , Amit Bhoonah , Biswajit Padhi

We study the dependence of the observable stochastic gravitational wave background induced by a first-order phase transition on the global properties of the scalar effective potential in particle physics. The scalar potential can be that of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-01-06 Mikael Chala , Valentin V. Khoze , Michael Spannowsky , Philip Waite

First-order phase transitions in the early universe can generate stochastic gravitational waves (GWs), offering a unique probe of high-scale particle physics. The Left-Right Symmetric Model (LRSM), which restores parity symmetry at high…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-15 William Searle , Csaba Balázs , Yang Xiao , Yang Zhang

We discuss the observability of circular polarisation of the stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) generated by helical turbulence following a first-order cosmological phase transition, using a model that incorporates the effects…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-29 John Ellis , Malcolm Fairbairn , Marek Lewicki , Ville Vaskonen , Alastair Wickens

We consider the stochastic background of gravity waves produced by first-order cosmological phase transitions from two types of sources: colliding bubbles and hydrodynamic turbulence. First we discuss the fluid mechanics of relativistic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 Marc Kamionkowski , Arthur Kosowsky , Michael S. Turner

In this article we examine the prospect of first order phase transition with a Y=0 real $SU(2)$ triplet extension of the Standard Model, which remains odd under $Z_2$, considering the observed Higgs boson mass, perturbative unitarity, dark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-03-27 Priyotosh Bandyopadhyay , Shilpa Jangid

The detection of a stochastic Gravitational Wave (GW) background sourced by a cosmological phase transition would allow us to see the early Universe from a completely new perspective, illuminating aspects of Beyond the Standard Model (BSM)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-16 Maciej Kierkla , Giorgio Laverda , Marek Lewicki , Andreas Mantziris , Matteo Piani , Javier Rubio , Mateusz Zych
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