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High-precision inertial sensors or accelerometers can provide us references of free-falling motions in gravitational field in space. They serve as the key payloads for gravity recovery missions such as the CHAMP, the GRACE-type missions,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-08-04 Haoyue Zhang , Peng Xu , Zongqi Ye , Dong Ye , Li-E Qiang , Ziren Luo , Keqi Qi , Shaoxin Wang , Zhiming Cai , Zuolei Wang , Jungang Lei , Yueliang Wu

Taiji program is a space mission aiming to detect gravitational waves in the low frequency band. Taiji-1 is the first technology demonstration satellite of the Taiji Program in Space, with the gravitational reference sensor (GRS) serving as…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-10 Xiaotong Wei , Li Huang , Tingyang Shen , Zhiming Cai , Jibo He

Taiji, a Chinese space-based gravitational wave (GW) detection project, aims to explore the millihertz GW universe with unprecedented sensitivity. By observing astrophysical and cosmological sources, including Galactic binaries, massive…

Gravitational wave detection in space promises to open a new window in astronomy to study the strong field dynamics of gravitational physics in astrophysics and cosmology. The present article is an extract of a report on a feasibility study…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-20 Xuefei Gong , Shengnian Xu , Shanquan Gui , Shuanglin Huang , Yun-Kau Lau

The Taiji mission, a pioneering Chinese space-borne gravitational wave observatory, requires ultra-precise calibration of its gravitational reference sensors (GRSs) to achieve its targeted sensitivity of $3\times10^{-15} \mathrm{\ m\…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-20 Haoyue Zhang , Chang Liu , Xiaotong Wei , Peng Xu , Li-E Qiang , Ziren Luo , Ye Dong

Taiji is a gravitational wave detection mission in space initiated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which will open the millihertz window through a heliocentric triangular constellation of three drag-free spacecraft. Its ultimate…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-28 Chang Liu , Qiong Deng , Huadong Li , Liwei Yang , Xiaodong Peng , Ziren Luo , Yuzhu Zhang , Chen Gao , Xiaotong Wei , Minghui Du , Zihao Xiao , Peng Xu , Bo Liang , Zhi Wang , Li-e Qiang

The direct observation of gravitational waves (GWs) opens a new window for exploring new physics from quanta to cosmos and provides a new tool for probing the evolution of universe. GWs detection in space covers a broad spectrum ranging…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-17 Zhixiang Ren , Tianyu Zhao , Zhoujian Cao , Zong-Kuan Guo , Wen-Biao Han , Hong-Bo Jin , Yue-Liang Wu

We investigate the capability of the Taiji space-based gravitational wave observatory to detect stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds produced by first-order phase transitions in the early universe. Using a comprehensive simulation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-29 Fan Huang , Zu-Cheng Chen , Qing-Guo Huang

The TianQin-1 satellite (TQ-1), which is the first technology demonstration satellite for the TianQin project, was launched on 20 December 2019. The first round of experiment had been carried out from 21 December 2019 until 1 April 2020.…

Gravitational wave (GW) detection in space probes GW spectrum that is inaccessible from the Earth. In addition to LISA project led by European Space Agency, and the DECIGO detector proposed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, two…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-17 Yungui Gong , Jun Luo , Bin Wang

Two way ranging data for spacecraft tracking of China's first Martian mission Tianwen-I is analysed. Shortly before the spacecraft entered the Mars parking orbit, the two way coherent microwave link between the spacecraft and the Earth…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-12 Xiaoming Bi , Zhongkai Guo , Xiaobo Zou , Yong Huang , Peijia Li , Jianfeng Cao , Lue Chen , Wenlin Tang , Yun Kau Lau

Space-based gravitational wave detection is extremely sensitive to disturbances. The Keplerian configuration cannot accurately reflect the variations in spacecraft configuration. Planetary gravitational disturbances are one of the main…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-16 Yu-Yang Zhang , Geng Li , Bo Wen

TianQin is a planned space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatory consisting of three earth orbiting satellites with an orbital radius of about $10^5~{\rm km}$. The satellites will form a equilateral triangle constellation the plane of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-08-25 Jianwei Mei , Yan-Zheng Bai , Jiahui Bao , Enrico Barausse , Lin Cai , Enrico Canuto , Bin Cao , Wei-Ming Chen , Yu Chen , Yan-Wei Ding , Hui-Zong Duan , Huimin Fan , Wen-Fan Feng , Honglin Fu , Qing Gao , TianQuan Gao , Yungui Gong , Xingyu Gou , Chao-Zheng Gu , De-Feng Gu , Zi-Qi He , Martin Hendry , Wei Hong , Xin-Chun Hu , Yi-Ming Hu , Yuexin Hu , Shun-Jia Huang , Xiang-Qing Huang , Qinghua Jiang , Yuan-Ze Jiang , Yun Jiang , Zhen Jiang , Hong-Ming Jin , Valeriya Korol , Hong-Yin Li , Ming Li , Ming Li , Pengcheng Li , Rongwang Li , Yuqiang Li , Zhu Li , Zhulian Li , Zhu-Xi Li , Yu-Rong Liang , Zheng-Cheng Liang , Fang-Jie Liao , Shuai Liu , Yan-Chong Liu , Li Liu , Pei-Bo Liu , Xuhui Liu , Yuan Liu , Xiong-Fei Lu , Yang Lu , Ze-Huang Lu , Yan Luo , Zhi-Cai Luo , Vadim Milyukov , Min Ming , Xiaoyu Pi , Chenggang Qin , Shao-Bo Qu , Alberto Sesana , Chenggang Shao , Changfu Shi , Wei Su , Ding-Yin Tan , Yujie Tan , Zhuangbin Tan , Liang-Cheng Tu , Bin Wang , Cheng-Rui Wang , Fengbin Wang , Guan-Fang Wang , Haitian Wang , Jian Wang , Lijiao Wang , Panpan Wang , Xudong Wang , Yan Wang , Yi-Fan Wang , Ran Wei , Shu-Chao Wu , Chun-Yu Xiao , Xiao-Shi Xu , Chao Xue , Fang-Chao Yang , Liang Yang , Ming-Lin Yang , Shan-Qing Yang , Bobing Ye , Hsien-Chi Yeh , Shenghua Yu , Dongsheng Zhai , Caishi Zhang , Haitao Zhang , Jian-dong Zhang , Jie Zhang , Lihua Zhang , Xin Zhang , Xuefeng Zhang , Hao Zhou , Ming-Yue Zhou , Ze-Bing Zhou , Dong-Dong Zhu , Tie-Guang Zi , Jun Luo

We review potential low-frequency gravitational-wave sources, which are expected to be detected by Taiji, a Chinese space-based gravitational-wave detector, estimate the detection rates of these gravitational-wave sources and present the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-05 Wen-Hong Ruan , Zong-Kuan Guo , Rong-Gen Cai , Yuan-Zhong Zhang

TianQin is a proposed space-based gravitational wave detector designed to operate in circular high Earth orbits. As a sequel to [Zhang et al. Phys. Rev. D 103, 062001 (2021)], this work provides an analytical model to account for the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-29 Lei Jiao , Xuefeng Zhang

Here we provide an alternative approach to determine the Earth's external gravitational potential field based on low-orbit target satellite (TS), geostationary satellites (GS), and microwave signal links between them. By emitting and…

Geophysics · Physics 2020-08-14 Ziyu Shen , WenBin Shen , Xinyu Xu , Shuangxi Zhang

The China Space Station (CSS) is currently in orbit and carries the high-precision optical atomic clock with stability of approximately $2.0 \times 10^{-15} / \sqrt{\tau}$ in its experiment module. We have developed a model to determine the…

Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy is witnessing a transformative shift from terrestrial to space-based detection, with missions like Taiji at the forefront. While the transition brings unprecedented opportunities for exploring massive black…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-21 Minghui Du , Bo Liang , He Wang , Peng Xu , Ziren Luo , Yueliang Wu

TianQin is a proposed space gravitational-wave detection mission using circular high Earth orbits. The geocentric concept has raised questions about the disturbing effect of the nearby gravity field of the Earth-Moon system on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-17 Xuefeng Zhang , Chengjian Luo , Lei Jiao , Bobing Ye , Huimin Yuan , Lin Cai , Defeng Gu , Jianwei Mei , Jun Luo

TianQin is a future space-based gravitational wave observatory targeting the frequency window of $10^{-4}$ Hz $\sim 1$ Hz. A large variety of gravitational wave sources are expected in this frequency band, including the merger of massive…

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