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Primordial black holes (PBHs) in the mass range $10^{17} - 10^{23}~{\rm gm}$ are considered as possible dark matter candidates as they are not subject to big-bang nucleosynthesis constraints and behave like cold dark matter. If PBHs are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-01 Semin Xavier , Alan Sunny , S. Shankaranarayanan

It has been proposed that the short period gamma-ray bursts, which occur at a rate of $\sim 10 {\rm yr^{-1}}$, may be evaporating primordial black holes (PBHs). Calculations of the present PBH evaporation rate have traditionally assumed…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Anne M. Green

We update the constraints on the fraction of the Universe that may have gone into primordial black holes (PBHs) over the mass range $10^{-5}\text{--}10^{50}$ g. Those smaller than $\sim 10^{15}$ g would have evaporated by now due to Hawking…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-22 Bernard Carr , Kazunori Kohri , Yuuiti Sendouda , Jun'ichi Yokoyama

In this work we extend previous work on the evolution of a Primordial Black Hole (PBH) to address the presence of a dark energy component with a super-negative equation of state as a background, investigating the competition between the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Daniel C. Guariento , J. E. Horvath , P. S. Custódio , J. A. de Freitas Pacheco

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are able to produce light dark matter (DM) particles via Hawking radiation, and yield a flux of boosted DM that can be probed at underground DM direct detection experiments. We analyze both galactic and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-02 Tong Zhu , Cheng-Rui Jiang , Tong Li , Jiajun Liao

We investigate the scenario in which primordial black holes (PBHs) with masses Mpbh < 10^9 g undergo Hawking evaporation, around the Big-Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) epoch. The evaporation process modifies the Universe's expansion rate and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-06 Andrea Boccia , Fabio Iocco , Luca Visinelli

The cosmological evolution of primordial black holes (PBHs) is considered. A comprehensive view of the accretion and evaporation histories of PBHs across the entire cosmic history is presented, with focus on the critical mass holes. The…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-02-25 Jared R. Rice , Bing Zhang

Following LIGO results of intermediate mass black holes mergers, the idea that dark matter is composed of Primordial Black Boles (PBH), made a recent comeback. PBHs might be formed in the early Universe through a variety of mechanisms, best…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-09-05 Thomas Tavernier , Jean-François Glicenstein , François Brun

Primordial black holes (PBHs) have attracted intensive research interest as a promising candidate of dark matter. However, because of the Hawking radiation, the PBHs lighter than $10^{15}~\rm{g}$ have already evaporated before today. To…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-20 Jin-Rong Du , Zi-Zhuo Zhang , Nan Li

We review the formation and evaporation of primordial black holes (PBHs) and their possible contribution to dark matter. Various constraints suggest they could only provide most of it in the mass windows $10^{17}$ - $10^{23}\,$g or $10$ -…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-03 Bernard Carr , Florian Kuhnel

Primordial black holes (PBHs) formed from the collapse of density fluctuations provide a unique window into the physics of the early Universe. Their evaporation through Hawking radiation around the epoch of Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-07 Quan-feng Wu , Xun-Jie Xu

We investigate the effects of producing dark matter by Hawking evaporation of primordial black holes (PBHs) in scenarios that may have a second well-motivated dark matter production mechanism, such as freeze-out, freeze-in, or gravitational…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-11-25 Paolo Gondolo , Pearl Sandick , Barmak Shams Es Haghi

We revisit the role of primordial black holes (PBHs) as potential dark matter (DM) candidates, particularly focusing on light asteroid-mass PBHs. These PBHs are expected to emit particles through Hawking evaporation that can generate cosmic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-26 Pedro De la Torre Luque , Jordan Koechler , Shyam Balaji

We examine the effects of massive primordial black holes (PBHs) on cosmic structure formation, employing both a semi-analytical approach and cosmological simulations. Our simulations incorporate PBHs with a monochromatic mass distribution…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-01 Saiyang Zhang , Volker Bromm , Boyuan Liu

A primordial black hole (PBH) is thought to be made of the regular matter or ordinary mass ($M$) only, and hence could have already been decayed due to the Hawking radiation if its initial ordinary mass were $\lesssim 5 \times 10^{11}$ kg.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-23 Chandrachur Chakraborty , Sudip Bhattacharyya

The evaporation of Primordial Black Hole (PBH) via Hawking radiation influences the evolution of Inter Galactic Medium by heating up the latter and consequently affects the 21cm signal originated from the neutral Hydrogen atoms. In this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-02 Upala Mukhopadhyay , Debasish Majumdar , Ashadul Halder

Stellar microlensing observations tightly constrain compact object dark matter in the mass range $(10^{-11} - 10^{3}) M_{\odot}$. Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) form clusters, and it has been argued that these microlensing constraints are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-31 Matthew Gorton , Anne M. Green

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) provide a powerful probe of early-universe physics, linking inflationary fluctuations to observable cosmological phenomena. In this work, we use a bottom-up approach to study how PBHs with masses in the range…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-03 Tianning Wang , Evan Grohs , Laura Mersini-Houghton

It has been recently suggested that small mass black holes (BHs) may become unstable due to quantum-gravitational effects and eventually decay, producing radiation, on a timescale shorter than the Hawking evaporation time. We argue that the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-07 Alvise Raccanelli , Francesca Vidotto , Licia Verde

Black holes can be produced in collapse of small-scale dark matter structures, which can happen at any time from the early to present-day universe. Microstructure black holes (MSBHs) can have a wide range of masses. Small MSBHs evaporate…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-06 Zachary S. C. Picker , Alexander Kusenko
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